Author, as appears in the article.: Lazaro A; Boada M; Villarino R; Girbau D

Department: Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica

URV's Author/s: Girbau Sala, David / Lázaro Guillén, Antonio Ramon / Villarino Villarino, Ramón Maria

Keywords: Wireless power transfer (wpt) Wireless power transfer System Radiofrequency identification (rfid) Near-field communication (nfc) Internet of things (iot) Implantable medical device Glucose Energy harvesting Dielectric-properties Biological tissues Batteryless Antenna

Abstract: © 2019 IEEE. In this paper we study the read range of implanted sensors based on batteryless, Near-Field Communication (NFC) integrated circuits (IC) using an NFC-equipped smartphone as a reader. The most important challenges are the low coupling between loops of different sizes, the limited quality factor imposed by the bandwidth communication, the effects of the body on propagation, and the detuning of the antennas. Two systems are analyzed: A conventional system based on resonant coupling between two coils; and a system based on resonant coupling between three coils. With the latter, a relay antenna is attached to a patch, which is adhered to the skin. Simulations and measurements show that the quality factor of both antennas can be improved by including a spacer made of low-permittivity material. A circuit model is proposed for the implanted and relay antenna, which simplifies its usage in circuit simulators. Some implanted and relay antenna prototypes are analyzed and a system model that includes a nonlinear model of the tag is used to analyze the maximum depth at which the implant can be read. Our experimental results show that the system based on three coils performs much better performance at longer distances and is more robust to misalignments between coils. A $15\times 15$ mm-implanted tag with commercial NFC IC and energy harvesting can be read using commercial smartphones. It can feed sensors at a distance of up to 16 mm inside the body and at a distance of 3 cm from the skin. Our results also show that data previously stored in the IC memory can be transferred to the reader located at distances of up to 2 cm and 3.8 cm for the 2-coil and 3-coil systems, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of batteryless NFC sensors for biomedical and wearable applications using mobile phones as readers.

Thematic Areas: Telecommunications Materials science (miscellaneous) Materials science (all) General materials science General engineering General computer science Engineering, electrical & electronic Engineering (miscellaneous) Engineering (all) Engenharias iv Engenharias iii Electrical and electronic engineering Computer science, information systems Computer science (miscellaneous) Computer science (all) Ciência da computação

licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/

ISSN: 2169-3536

Author's mail: ramon.villarino@urv.cat david.girbau@urv.cat antonioramon.lazaro@urv.cat

Author identifier: 0000-0001-9692-8943 0000-0003-3160-5777

Record's date: 2023-02-18

Journal volume: 8

Papper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Link to the original source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8943414

Licence document URL: http://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/

Papper original source: Ieee Access. 8 2200-2221

APA: Lazaro A; Boada M; Villarino R; Girbau D (2020). Study on the Reading of Energy-Harvested Implanted NFC Tags Using Mobile Phones. Ieee Access, 8(), 2200-2221. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2962570

Article's DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2962570

Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Journal publication year: 2020

Publication Type: Journal Publications