﻿This ´Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse'readme.txt file was generated on 2020-09-08 by Evelina Leivada.

GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Title of Dataset: Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse

2. Author Information
	A. Principal Investigator Contact Information
		Name: Evelina Leivada
		Institution: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
		Address: Departament of English and German studies, Av. Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
		Email: evelina.leivada@urv.cat

	B. Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
		Name: Natalia Mitrofanova
		Institution: UiT The Arctic University of Norway
		Address: Hansine Hansens veg 18 9019, Tromsø, Norway
		Email: natalia.mitrofanova@uit.no

	C. Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
		Name: Marit Westergaard
		Institution: UiT The Arctic University of Norway
		Address: Hansine Hansens veg 18 9019, Tromsø, Norway
		Email: marit.westergaard@uit.no

3. Date of data collection (range): 2018-02-01-2019-03-01

4. Geographic location of data collection <latitude, longiute, or city/region, State, Country, as appropriate>: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, UK, USA, Germany, Australia

5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement n° 746652 to EL and MW. Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Ramón y Cajal grant agreement n° RYC2018-025456-I to EL.


SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION

1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: No restrictions

2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: To be provided.

3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: Not available.

4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: doi: doi.org/10.3390/languages5030028. The task was piloted in Leivada (2020) which presents a different dataset with partial overlap in the monolingual control group. Reference: Leivada, E. 2020. Language processing at its trickiest: Grammatical illusions and heuristics of judgment. Languages 5(3), 29. 

5. Was data derived from another source? No

6. Recommended citation for this dataset: Leivada, E., N. Mitrofanova & M. Westergaard. 2020. Replication data for "Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse". Open Access Repository, Universitat Rovira i Virgili.



DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

1. File List: There are 4 files, listed and described below.
(A) Title: Dataset for monolinguals_Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse. Description: The file provides the raw data for the monolingual group of participants.
(B) Title: Dataset for bilinguals_Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse. Description: The file provides the raw data for the bilingual group of participants.
(C) Title: ´Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse'readme.txt. Description: This is the present file that provides information about the data and the way they were collected. This file also provides a reading key on how one should read the data. It also provides the task in order to facilitate the replication of the experiment.


4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No


METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: 
bexFarm (https://spellout.net/ibexfarm/) was used to collect the data. 

2. Methods for processing the data: 
R (https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/) was used in order to process the data. All generalized linear mixed effects models were fit using the lme4 package of the software R version 4.0.2 [Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S. 2015. Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1-48.]. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were run using the R package emmeans [Lenth, R., Singman, H., Love, J., Buerkner, P., & Herve, M. 2020. R package emmeans: Estimated Marginal means, aka Least-Squares Means. R repository: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/emmeans/index.html]
Raw, unedited data are provided in csv format. They are machine readable and compatible with many formats.

4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: NA

5. Environmental/experimental conditions: The dataset provides acceptability judgments in an online task, administered to 138 monolinguals and 138 bilinguals, who were tested with a task that features grammatical illusions (e.g., More people have been to Paris than I have). Every response comes with a reaction time in ms, comparing not only the type of responses, but also how fast one responded.

6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: NA

7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Evelina Leivada, Natalia Mitrofanova & Marit Westergaard


DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Dataset for monolinguals_Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse

1. Number of variables: 76 in each row

2. Number of rows: 138

3. Variable List: All variables are separated by ;. First field: Number of participant. Second field: Participant ID. Third field: Age (in years). Fourth field: Gender (F/M). Fifth field: Education (Secondary/Tertiary). Sixth field: Handedness (R/L).
Seventh-eighth fields onwards: Acceptability judgment (Correct/Neither/Wrong) followed by its corresponding reaction time in ms. The variables from the seventh field onwards correspond to the order of sentences as presented below in the section 'Task'. Fields within an entry are separated by ;.

4. Missing data codes: 0 (we provide the full dataset, including the outliers)

5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: NA



DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Dataset for bilinguals_Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse

1. Number of variables: 78 in each row

2. Number of rows: 138

3. Variable List: First field: number of participant. Second field: Participant ID. Third field: Age (in years). Fourth field: Gender (F/M). Fifth field: Education (Secondary/Tertiary). Sixth field: Handedness (R/L). Seventh field: Countries of residence excluding Greece. Eighth field: Years spent in countries of residence (excluding Greece, minimum time abroad: 4 years).
Ninth-tenth fields onwards: Acceptability judgment (Correct/Neither/Wrong) followed by its corresponding reaction time in ms. The variables from the ninth field onwards correspond to the order of sentences as presented as presented below in the section 'Task'. Fields within an entry are separated by ;.

4. Missing data codes: 0 (we provide the full dataset, including the outliers)

5. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: NA

TASK

Test items (illusions)

1. Περισσότεροι άνθρωποι έχουν πάει στο Λονδίνο απ’ ό,τι εγώ. 
More people have been to London than I have. 

2. Περισσότεροι άνθρωποι έχουν πάει στο Μιλάνο απ’ ό,τι εσύ. 
More people have been to Milan than you have. 

3. Περισσότερα αγόρια έχουν πάει στο Παρίσι απ’ ό,τι αυτός. 
More boys have been to Paris than he has.

4. Περισσότερα κορίτσια έχουν πάει στη Στοκχόλμη απ’ ό,τι αυτός.
More girls have been to Stockholm than he has.

5. Λιγότεροι άνθρωποι έχουν πάει στο Βερολίνο απ’ ό,τι εγώ. 
Fewer people have been to Berlin than I have. 

6. Περισσότερα παιδιά έχουν τελειώσει το λύκειο απ’ ό,τι εγώ. 
More kids have finished high school than I have. 

7. Περισσότερα παιδιά έχουν τελειώσει το σχολείο απ’ ό,τι εσύ. 
More kids have finished school than you have. 

8. Περισσότεροι άντρες έχουν τελειώσει το σχολείο απ’ ό,τι αυτός. 
More men have finished school than he has.

9. Περισσότεροι άντρες έχουν τελειώσει το λύκειο απ’ ό,τι αυτή. 
More men have finished high school than she has.

10. Λιγότεροι άνθρωποι έχουν τελειώσει το λύκειο απ’ ό,τι εγώ. 
Fewer people have finished high school than I have. 


Acceptable fillers

11. Περισσότερες φορές πήγα στην Αγγλία απ’ ό,τι στη Γερμανία. 
More times I visited England than Germany.

12. Περισσότερες φορές τρώω στο γραφείο μου απ’ ό,τι στο σπίτι μου.
More times I eat at my office than at my house.

13. Περισσότερες φορές πηγαίνω στο σινεμά απ’ ό,τι στο θέατρο. 
More times Ι go to the cinema than to the theater.

14. Περισσότερες φορές πηγαίνουμε στη θάλασσα απ’ό,τι στο βουνό. 
More times we go to the sea than to the mountain.

15. Περισσότερες φορές μαγειρεύω μόνη μου απ’ ό,τι με τους φίλους. 


Unacceptable fillers

16. Το κλειδί εκείνων των συρταριών βρίσκονται στο μαρμάρινο τραπέζι. 
The key to these cabinets are on the marble table.

17. Η κόρη των δασκάλων της Μαρίνας στέκονται στην αυλή του σχολείου. 
The daughter of Marina’s teachers are standing in the school yard.

18. To σκυλάκι των παιδιών των γειτόνων μας παίζουν ήσυχα στον κήπο τους.  
The doggie of our neighbours’ kids are playing quietly in the garden.

19. Η φλόγα των κεριών στα τραπεζάκια του μπαρ τρεμόπαιζαν στο σκοτάδι.
The flame of the candles on the tables of the bar were flickering in the darkness.

20. Ο θόρυβος από τα τραγούδια των μαθητών μας δεν σταματούν ποτέ. 
The noise from the songs of our students never end.

21. Τα βιβλία της κόρης του Κωνσταντίνου βρίσκεται στη βιβλιοθήκη. 
The books of Konstantinos’ daughter is at the library.

22. H βαλίτσα των διάσημων τραγουδιστών ξεχάστηκαν μέσα στο ταξί. 
The suitcase of the famous singers were forgotten in the taxi.

23. Η θήκη εκείνων των φακών επαφής βρίσκονται στο πάνω συρτάρι. 
The case of these contact lenses are on the top shelf. 

24. Οι ηθοποιοί που ο σκηνοθέτης οδηγεί τους ακούει σιωπηλά.
The actors that the director guides listens to them silently. (instead of ‘listen to him’)

25. Οι ποδηλάτες που ο οδηγός βλέπει κάθε Δευτέρα τους χαιρετά.  
The bicyclists that the driver sees every Monday salutes them. (instead of ‘salute him’)

26. Οι μαθητές που ο δάσκαλος απέβαλλε τους έκανε παράπονο. 
The students that the teacher expelled complained to them. (instead of ‘complained to him’)

27. Οι ασθενείς που ο γιατρός κούραρε τους ευχαρίστησε πολύ θερμά. 
The patients that the doctor cured thanked them profoundly. (instead of ‘thanked him’)

28. Οι μουσικοί που ο μαέστρος διευθύνει τους ακούει προσεκτικά.
The musicians that the maestro conducts listens to them carefully. (instead of ‘listen to him’)

29. Οι κολυμβητές που ο προπονητής ανέλαβε πάντα τους ακούει. 
The swimmers that the trainer took on always listen to them. (instead of ‘listen to him’)

30. Οι γραμματείς που ο διευθυντής προσέλαβε τους απογοήτευσε.
The secretaries that the director hired disappointed them. (instead of ‘disappointed him’).


