Repositori institucional URV
| URV's Author/s: | Babio Sánchez, Nancy Elvira / Munné Cuevas, José Carlos / Salas Salvadó, Jorge |
| Author, as appears in the article.: | Leszczynska, Paulina Maria; de las Heras-Delgado, Sara; Shyam, Sangeetha; Threapleton, Diane; Cade, Janet; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Babio, Nancy |
| Author's mail: | carles.munne@urv.cat carles.munne@urv.cat jordi.salas@urv.cat nancy.babio@urv.cat |
| Author identifier: | 0000-0003-2700-7459 0000-0003-3527-5277 |
| Journal publication year: | 2025-05-10 |
| Publication Type: | Journal Publications |
| APA: | Leszczynska, Paulina Maria; de las Heras-Delgado, Sara; Shyam, Sangeetha; Threapleton, Diane; Cade, Janet; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Babio, Nancy (2025). Nutritional content and promotional practices of foods for infants and young children on the spanish market: a cross-sectional product evaluation. European Journal Of Pediatrics, 184(6), 333-. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-06156-y |
| Paper original source: | European Journal Of Pediatrics. 184 (6): 333- |
| Abstract: | The first 1000 days of life are crucial for health, making it essential that foods for infants and young children (FIYC) meet high nutritional standards, as defined by the World Health Organization's (WHO) Nutrient and Promotion Profile Model (NPPM). There is high reliance on commercially available highly processed FIYC for children under 3 years of age, and a growing market. The aim of this study is to analyse the nutrient profiles of FIYC using the WHO NPPM and determine the proportion of products available in Spain suitable for promotion. Data on 830 FIYC available from brands sold by major retailers in Spain were collected. Product nutrient composition and label information were assessed using the WHO NPPM for the European Region. The processed fruit and vegetables were the most common FIYC category, accounting for 46% of the products surveyed. Overall, only 23% met all NPPM nutritional standards. About 60% of products had excessive sugar content, with 98% of fruit and vegetable purees qualifying for a front-of-pack sugar warning. One in four savoury meals was protein-deficient and one in four of all FIYC was energy-deficient. Only 7% and 2% exceeded the sodium and fat limits, respectively. No product fully met the NPPM promotion recommendations.Conclusion: Nearly 80% of FIYC products in Spain do not meet WHO's NPPM criteria for nutrient quality, with many high in sugar, low in protein and too watery (low energy). None met the promotional recommendations, highlighting the need for better regulation to improve the nutritional content and appropriate marketing of products for young children. What is Known?center dot The first 1,000 days of life are critical for child development and require optimal nutrition.center dot The WHO European Region developed the Nutrient and Promotion Profile Model (NPPM) to evaluate foods for infants and young children (FIYC).What is New?center dot This is the first comprehensive study applying the WHO NPPM to 830 FIYC products on the Spanish market.center dot Nearly 80% of products failed to meet the nutritional standards, and none complied with the promotion criteria. |
| Article's DOI: | 10.1007/s00431-025-06156-y |
| Link to the original source: | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-025-06156-y |
| Paper version: | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| licence for use: | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ |
| Department: | Bioquímica i Biotecnologia |
| Licence document URL: | https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/ |
| Thematic Areas: | Saúde coletiva Pediatrics, perinatology and child health Pediatrics Odontología Nutrição Medicina iii Medicina ii Medicina i Interdisciplinar General medicine Farmacia Educação física Ciências biológicas iii Ciências biológicas ii Ciências biológicas i Ciências ambientais Biotecnología |
| Keywords: | Zero hunger World health organization Toddlers Sugar content Sugar Spain Ris Profile model Nutritive value Nutrient profiles Nutrient profile Nutrient Infant food Infant Humans Fruit Food labeling Cross-sectional studies Commercial foods Child, preschool |
| Entity: | Universitat Rovira i Virgili |
| Record's date: | 2026-03-02 |
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| DocumentPrincipal | DocumentPrincipal | application/pdf |
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