Articles producció científica> Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques

Early-Life Exposure to Formaldehyde through Clothing

  • Dades identificatives

    Identificador: imarina:9271528
    Autors:
    Herrero MGonzález NRovira JMarquès MDomingo JLNadal M
    Resum:
    Clothes contain a wide range of chemicals, some of them potentially hazardous. Recently, there has been a growing interest in eco-friendly clothing, including the use of organic cotton. How-ever, the process of eco-friendly fabric production does not exclude the use of toxic substances, such as formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. The present investigation was aimed at determining the presence of formaldehyde in eco-friendly and conventional clothing of pregnant women, babies, and toddlers from the Catalan (Spain) market. The potential effects of washing were also investigated by comparing the reduction of formaldehyde in unwashed and washed clothing. Formaldehyde was detected in 20% of samples, with a mean level of 8.96 mg/kg. Formaldehyde levels were surprisingly higher in eco-friendly than in regular garments (10.4 vs. 8.23 mg/kg). However, these differences were only significant (p < 0.05) for bras (11.6 vs. 7.46 mg/kg) and panties (27.1 vs. 6.38 mg/kg) of pregnant women. Dermal exposure and health risks were assessed for three vulnerable population groups: pregnant women, babies, and toddlers. In general, exposure was higher in babies (up to 1.11×10−3 mg/kg/day) than in other groups (2.58×10−4 and 4.50×10−3 mg/kg/day in pregnant women and toddlers, respectively). However, both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below the safety limits (<1 and < 10−5, respectively) according to national regulations. Notwith-standing, although formaldehyde levels were below the legal limits (< 75 mg/kg) and health risks were within acceptable ranges, clothing may contain other toxic substances in addition to formal-dehyde, thus increasing the risks. Finally, since no formaldehyde was detected in washed textile samples, a safe and simple practice for the consumers is to w
  • Altres:

    Autor segons l'article: Herrero M; González N; Rovira J; Marquès M; Domingo JL; Nadal M
    Departament: Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques
    Autor/s de la URV: Domingo Roig, José Luis / Gonzalez Paradell, Nieves / Herrero Casado, Marta / Marquès Bueno, Montserrat / Nadal Lomas, Martí / Rovira Solano, Joaquim
    Paraules clau: Textiles Risk assessment Pregnant women Formaldehyde Dermal absorption Contact allergens Children textiles skin risk assessment release pregnant women metals dermal absorption children care air
    Resum: Clothes contain a wide range of chemicals, some of them potentially hazardous. Recently, there has been a growing interest in eco-friendly clothing, including the use of organic cotton. How-ever, the process of eco-friendly fabric production does not exclude the use of toxic substances, such as formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. The present investigation was aimed at determining the presence of formaldehyde in eco-friendly and conventional clothing of pregnant women, babies, and toddlers from the Catalan (Spain) market. The potential effects of washing were also investigated by comparing the reduction of formaldehyde in unwashed and washed clothing. Formaldehyde was detected in 20% of samples, with a mean level of 8.96 mg/kg. Formaldehyde levels were surprisingly higher in eco-friendly than in regular garments (10.4 vs. 8.23 mg/kg). However, these differences were only significant (p < 0.05) for bras (11.6 vs. 7.46 mg/kg) and panties (27.1 vs. 6.38 mg/kg) of pregnant women. Dermal exposure and health risks were assessed for three vulnerable population groups: pregnant women, babies, and toddlers. In general, exposure was higher in babies (up to 1.11×10−3 mg/kg/day) than in other groups (2.58×10−4 and 4.50×10−3 mg/kg/day in pregnant women and toddlers, respectively). However, both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below the safety limits (<1 and < 10−5, respectively) according to national regulations. Notwith-standing, although formaldehyde levels were below the legal limits (< 75 mg/kg) and health risks were within acceptable ranges, clothing may contain other toxic substances in addition to formal-dehyde, thus increasing the risks. Finally, since no formaldehyde was detected in washed textile samples, a safe and simple practice for the consumers is to wash clothing before the first use.
    Àrees temàtiques: Toxicology Health, toxicology and mutagenesis Environmental sciences Chemical health and safety
    Accès a la llicència d'ús: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
    Adreça de correu electrònic de l'autor: nieves.gonzalez@urv.cat joaquim.rovira@urv.cat marta.herrero@estudiants.urv.cat marta.herrero@estudiants.urv.cat joseluis.domingo@urv.cat marti.nadal@urv.cat
    Identificador de l'autor: 0000-0003-4134-016X 0000-0003-4399-6138 0000-0001-6647-9470 0000-0002-0217-4827
    Data d'alta del registre: 2024-09-07
    Versió de l'article dipositat: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
    Enllaç font original: https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/7/361
    URL Document de llicència: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/
    Referència a l'article segons font original: Toxics. 10 (7):
    Referència de l'ítem segons les normes APA: Herrero M; González N; Rovira J; Marquès M; Domingo JL; Nadal M (2022). Early-Life Exposure to Formaldehyde through Clothing. Toxics, 10(7), -. DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070361
    DOI de l'article: 10.3390/toxics10070361
    Entitat: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
    Any de publicació de la revista: 2022
    Tipus de publicació: Journal Publications
  • Paraules clau:

    Chemical Health and Safety,Environmental Sciences,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology
    Textiles
    Risk assessment
    Pregnant women
    Formaldehyde
    Dermal absorption
    Contact allergens
    Children
    textiles
    skin
    risk assessment
    release
    pregnant women
    metals
    dermal absorption
    children
    care
    air
    Toxicology
    Health, toxicology and mutagenesis
    Environmental sciences
    Chemical health and safety
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