Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Adequacy among an Older Spanish Population with Metabolic Syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Author, as appears in the article.: Cano-Ibanez, Naomi; Gea, Alfredo; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Dolors Zomeno, M; Romaguera, Dora; Vioque, Jesus; Aros, Fernando; Warnberg, Julia; Alfredo Martinez, J; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Estruch, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco J; Lapetra, Jose; Pinto, Xavier; Tur, Josep A; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Riquelme-Gallego, Blanca; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Matia, Pilar; Daimiel, Lidia; Martin, Vicente; Vidal, Josep; Vazquez, Clotilde; Ros, Emilio; Buil-Cosiales, Pilar; Diaz-Lopez, Andres; Fernandez-Carrion, Rebeca; Fito, Montserrat; Konieczna, Jadwiga; Notario-Barandiaran, Leyre; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Contreras-Fernandez, Eugenio; Abete, Itziar; Sanchez-Villegas, Almudena; Casas, Rosa; Munoz-Garach, Araceli; Manuel Santos-Lozano, Jose; Gallardo-Alfaro, Laura; Basora, Josep; Portoles, Olga; Angel Munoz, Miguel; Monino, Manuel; Miralles Gisbert, Salvador; Moreno Rodriguez, Anai; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Palau Galindo, Antoni; Alejandra Perez-Vega, Karla; Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora

Department: Bioquímica i Biotecnologia

e-ISSN: 2072-6643

URV's Author/s: Basora Gallisa, Josep / Díaz López, Andres / Salas Salvadó, Jorge

Keywords: Recommended dietary allowances; Predimed-plus study; Obesity; Nutritional status; Nutrient adequacy; Multivariate analysis; Middle aged; Metabolic syndrome; Male; Logistic models; Humans; Female; Dietary diversity; Diet surveys; Diet; Cross-sectional studies; Aging; Aged

Abstract: Dietary guidelines emphasize the importance of a varied diet to provide an adequate nutrient intake. However, an older age is often associated with consumption of monotonous diets that can be nutritionally inadequate, increasing the risk for the development or progression of diet-related chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). To assess the association between dietary diversity (DD) and nutrient intake adequacy and to identify demographic variables associated with DD, we cross-sectionally analyzed baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus trial: 6587 Spanish adults aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity who also had MetS. An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using a 143-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient inadequacy was defined as an intake below 2/3 of the dietary reference intake (DRI) forat least four of 17 nutrients proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between DDS and the risk of nutritionally inadequate intakes. In the higher DDS quartile there were more women and less current smokers. Compared with subjects in the highest DDS quartile, those in the lowest DDS quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake: odds ratio (OR) = 28.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.80-39.21). When we estimated food varietyfor each of the food groups, participants in the lowest quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake for the groups of vegetables, OR = 14.03 (95% CI 10.55-18.65), fruits OR = 11.62 (95% CI 6.81-19.81), dairy products OR = 6.54 (95% CI 4.64-9.22) and protein foods OR = 6.60 (95% CI 1.96-22.24). As DDS decreased, the risk of inadequate nutrients intake rose. Given the impact of nutrient intake adequacy on the prevention of non-communicable diseases, health policies should focus on the promotion of a healthy varied diet, specifically promoting the intake of vegetables and fruit among population groups with lower DDS such as men, smokers or widow(er)s.

Thematic Areas: Zootecnia / recursos pesqueiros; Saúde coletiva; Química; Psicología; Planejamento urbano e regional / demografia; Nutrition and dietetics; Nutrition & dietetics; Nutrição; Medicina veterinaria; Medicina iii; Medicina ii; Medicina i; Interdisciplinar; Food science; Farmacia; Engenharias iv; Engenharias ii; Enfermagem; Educação física; Economia; Ciências biológicas iii; Ciências biológicas ii; Ciências biológicas i; Ciências agrárias i; Ciência de alimentos; Biotecnología

licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/

ISSN: 20726643

Author's mail: josep.basora@urv.cat; andres.diaz@urv.cat; josep.basora@urv.cat; jordi.salas@urv.cat

Record's date: 2025-02-19

Journal volume: 11

Paper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Link to the original source: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/5/958

Licence document URL: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/

Paper original source: Nutrients. 11 (5): 958-

APA: Cano-Ibanez, Naomi; Gea, Alfredo; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel A; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Dolors Zomeno, M; Romaguera, Dora; Vioque, Jesu (2019). Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Adequacy among an Older Spanish Population with Metabolic Syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.. Nutrients, 11(5), 958-. DOI: 10.3390/nu11050958

Article's DOI: 10.3390/nu11050958

Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Journal publication year: 2019

Publication Type: Journal Publications