Author, as appears in the article.: Luque V, Closa-Monasterolo R, Escribano J, Ferré N.
Department: Medicina i Cirurgia
URV's Author/s: Closa Monasterolo, Ricardo / Escribano Subías, Joaquín / Ferre Pallas, Natalia / Luque Moreno, Verònica
Keywords: Protein programming infant nutrition adiposity
Abstract: This article reviews the role of protein intake on metabolic programming early in life. The observations that breastfeeding in infancy reduces the risk of being overweight and obese later in life and the differences in the protein content between formula milk and human milk have generated the early protein hypothesis. The present review focuses on a mechanistic approach to programmed adiposity and the growth and development of other organs by protein intake in infancy, which may be mediated by branched-chain amino acids, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 via the mammalian target of rapamycin. Observational studies and clinical trials have shown that lowering the protein content in infant and follow-on formulas may reduce the risk of becoming obese later in life. The recent body of evidence is currently being translated into new policies. Therefore, the evolution of European regulatory laws and recommendations by expert panels on the protein content of infant and follow-on formulas are also reviewed. Research gaps, such as the critical window for programming adiposity by protein intake, testing formulas with modified amino acids, and the long-term consequences of differences in protein intake on organ functionality among well-nourished infants, have been identified.
Thematic Areas: Nutrition and dietetics Nutrition & dietetics Nutrição Medicina i Food science Endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism
licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
Author's mail: veronica.luque@urv.cat joaquin.escribano@urv.cat natalia.ferre@urv.cat ricardo.closa@urv.cat
Author identifier: 0000-0003-2615-8175 0000-0002-5041-459X 0000-0002-2838-1525 0000-0002-9963-4163
Record's date: 2023-02-18
Papper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Link to the original source: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4137/NMI.S29525
Papper original source: Nutrition And Metabolic Insights. 8 (suppl 1): 49-56
APA: Luque V, Closa-Monasterolo R, Escribano J, Ferré N. (2015). Early Programming by Protein Intake: The Effect of Protein on Adiposity Development and the Growth and Functionality of Vital Organs. Nutrition And Metabolic Insights, 8(suppl 1), 49-56. DOI: 10.4137/NMI.S29525
Licence document URL: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/
Article's DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s29525
Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Journal publication year: 2015
Publication Type: Journal Publications