Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk.

Identifier:  imarina:5754754

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina5754754

Authors:  Julibert, Alicia; del Mar Bibiloni, Maria; Bouzas, Cristina; Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Dolors Zomeno, Maria; Romaguera, Dora; Vioque, Jesus; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Warnberg, Julia; Alfredo Martinez, J; Serra-Majem, Luis; Estruch, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco J; Lapetra, Jose; Pinto, Xavier; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Garcia-Molina, Laura; Gaforio, Jose Juan; Matia-Martin, Pilar; Daimiel, Lidia; Martin-Sanchez, Vicente; Vidal, Josep; Vazquez, Clotilde; Ros, Emili; Toledo, Estefania; Becerra-Tomas, Nerea; Portoles, Olga; Perez-Vega, Karla A; Fiol, Miquel; Torres-Collado, Laura; Tojal-Sierra, Lucas; Carabano-Moral, Rosa; Abete, Itziar; Sanchez-Villegas, Almudena; Casas, Rosa; Rosa Bernal-Lopez, Maria; Manuel Santos-Lozano, Jose; Galera, Ana; Ugarriza, Lucia; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Babio, Nancy; Coltell, Oscar; Schroeder, Helmut; Konieczna, Jadwiga; Orozco-Beltran, Domingo; Sorto-Sanchez, Carolina; Eguaras, Sonia; Barrubes, Laura; Fito, Montserrat; Tur, Josep A

Abstract:
Background: The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55-75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and ω-3 FA) using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire and fat quality index (FQI). Results: Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fat intake showed lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fiber, but higher intake of PUFA, MUFA, SFA, TFA, LA, ALA and ω-3 FA. Differences in MetS components were found according to fat intake. Odds (5th vs. 1st quintile): hyperglycemia: 1.3-1.6 times higher for total fat, MUFA, SFA and ω-3 FA intake; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c): 1.2 higher for LA; hypertriglyceridemia: 0.7 lower for SFA and ω-3 FA intake. Conclusions: Dietary fats played different role on MetS components of high CVD risk patients. Dietary fat intake was associated with higher risk of hyperglycemia.