Author, as appears in the article.: Uusitupa, Matti; Khan, Tauseef A; Viguiliouk, Effie; Kahleova, Hana; Rivellese, Angela A; Hermansen, Kjeld; Pfeiffer, Andreas; Thanopoulou, Anastasia; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Schwab, Ursula; Sievenpiper, John L
Department: Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
URV's Author/s: Salas Salvadó, Jorge
Keywords: Weight-loss Type 2 diabetes Prevention Post-hoc analysis Physical-activity Mediterranean diet Lifestyles Insulin-secretion Impaired glucose-tolerance Follow-up Findings tables Eating patterns Diet Complications Cardiovascular-disease
Abstract: Prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge worldwide. The aim of this evidence synthesis was to summarize the available evidence in order to update the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy. We conducted a systematic review and, where appropriate, meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) carried out in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (six studies) or dysmetabolism (one study) to answer the following questions: What is the evidence that T2D is preventable by lifestyle changes? What is the optimal diet (with a particular focus on diet quality) for prevention, and does the prevention of T2D result in a lower risk of late complications of T2D? The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied to assess the certainty of the trial evidence. Altogether seven RCTs (N = 4090) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The diagnosis of incident diabetes was based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The overall risk reduction of T2D by the lifestyle interventions was 0.53 (95% CI 0.41; 0.67). Most of the trials aimed to reduce weight, increase physical activity, and apply a diet relatively low in saturated fat and high in fiber. The PREDIMED trial that did not meet eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis was used in the final assessment of diet quality. We conclude that T2D is preventable by changing lifestyle and the risk reduction is sustained for many years after the active intervention (high certainty of evidence). Healthy dietary changes based on the current recommendations and the Mediterranean dietary pattern can be recommended for the long-term prevention of diabetes. There is limited or insufficient data to show that prevention of T2D by lifestyle changes results in a lower risk of cardiovascular and microvascular complications.
Thematic Areas: Zootecnia / recursos pesqueiros Saúde coletiva Química Psicología Planejamento urbano e regional / demografia Nutrition and dietetics Nutrition & dietetics Nutrição Medicina veterinaria Medicina iii Medicina ii Medicina i Interdisciplinar Food science Farmacia Engenharias iv Engenharias ii Enfermagem Educação física Economia Ciências biológicas iii Ciências biológicas ii Ciências biológicas i Ciências agrárias i Ciência de alimentos Biotecnología
licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
Author's mail: jordi.salas@urv.cat
Author identifier: 0000-0003-2700-7459
Record's date: 2024-11-09
Papper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Link to the original source: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/11/2611
Licence document URL: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/
Papper original source: Nutrients. 11 (11): 2611-
APA: Uusitupa, Matti; Khan, Tauseef A; Viguiliouk, Effie; Kahleova, Hana; Rivellese, Angela A; Hermansen, Kjeld; Pfeiffer, Andreas; Thanopoulou, Anastasia; (2019). Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Lifestyle Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 11(11), 2611-. DOI: 10.3390/nu11112611
Article's DOI: 10.3390/nu11112611
Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Journal publication year: 2019
Publication Type: Journal Publications
Repositori URV