Energy Balance and Risk of Mortality in Spanish Older Adults

Author, as appears in the article.: Lassale, Camille; Hernaez, Alvaro; Toledo, Estefania; Castaner, Olga; Sorli, Jose V; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Estruch, Ramon; Ros, Emilio; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Lapetra, Jose; Cueto, Raquel; Fiol, Miquel; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Pinto, Xavier; Gea, Alfredo; Corella, Dolores; Babio, Nancy; Fito, Montserrat; Schroder, Helmut

Department: Bioquímica i Biotecnologia

URV's Author/s: Babio Sánchez, Nancy Elvira / Salas Salvadó, Jorge

Keywords: Weight-loss; Validation; Spain; Sex; Risk reduction; Randomized controlled trial; Prospective study; Prospective studies; Proportional hazards models; Proportional hazards model; Primary prevention; Population; Physical-activity questionnaire; Physical activity; Nut; Neoplasms; Neoplasm; Multicenter study; Mortality risk; Mortality; Mediterranean diet; Male; Major clinical study; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Humans; Human; High density lipoprotein cholesterol; Health; Food frequency questionnaire; Follow up; Female; Extra virgin olive oil; Exercise; Epidemiology; Energy metabolism; Energy intake; Energy expenditure; Energy balance; Diet surveys; Diet; Controlled study; Cohort analysis; Clinical study; Cholesterol blood level; Cause of death; Cardiovascular-disease; Cardiovascular risk; Cardiovascular mortality; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular disease; Cancer mortality; Caloric restriction; Caloric intake; Body weight change; Body weight; Body height; Association; Article; All-cause mortality; All cause mortality; Aging; Aged; Age; Adult

Abstract: Clinical data on the direct health effects of energy deficit or surplus beyond its impact on body weight are scarce. We aimed to assess the association with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality of (1) sustained energy deficit or surplus, calculated according to each individual's en-ergy intake (EI) and theoretical energy expenditure (TEE), and (2) mid-term change in total EI in a prospective study. In 7119 participants in the PREDIMED Study (PREvencion con DIeta MEDi-terranea) with a mean age of 67 years, energy intake was derived from a 137-item food frequency questionnaire. TEE was calculated as a function of age, sex, height, body weight and physical ac-tivity. The main exposure was the proportion of energy requirement covered by energy intake, cumulative throughout the follow-up. The secondary exposure was the change in energy intake from baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% con-fidence intervals for all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Over a median follow-up of 4.8 years, there were 239 deaths (excluding the first 2 years). An energy intake exceeding energy needs was associated with an increase in mortality risk (continuous HR10% over energy needs = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02, 1.18), driven by cardiovascular death (HR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.11, 1.43). However, consum-ing energy below estimated needs was not associated with a lower risk. Increments over time in energy intake were associated with greater all-cause mortality (HR10% increase = 1.09; 95% CI 1.02, 1.17). However, there was no evidence that a substantial negative change in energy intake would reduce mortality risk. To conclude, in an older Mediterranean cohort, energy surplus or increase over a 5-year period was associated with greater risk of mortality, particularly cardiovascular mortality. Energy deficit, or reduction in energy intake over time were not associated with mortal-ity risk.

Thematic Areas: Zootecnia / recursos pesqueiros; Saúde coletiva; Química; Psicología; Planejamento urbano e regional / demografia; Nutrition and dietetics; Nutrition & dietetics; Nutrição; Medicina veterinaria; Medicina iii; Medicina ii; Medicina i; Interdisciplinar; Food science; Farmacia; Engenharias iv; Engenharias ii; Enfermagem; Educação física; Economia; Ciências biológicas iii; Ciências biológicas ii; Ciências biológicas i; Ciências agrárias i; Ciência de alimentos; Biotecnología

licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/

Author's mail: jordi.salas@urv.cat; nancy.babio@urv.cat

Record's date: 2025-02-19

Paper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Link to the original source: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1545

Licence document URL: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/

Paper original source: Nutrients. 13 (5): 1545-

APA: Lassale, Camille; Hernaez, Alvaro; Toledo, Estefania; Castaner, Olga; Sorli, Jose V; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Estruch, Ramon; Ros, Emilio; Alonso-Gomez, (2021). Energy Balance and Risk of Mortality in Spanish Older Adults. Nutrients, 13(5), 1545-. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051545

Article's DOI: 10.3390/nu13051545

Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Journal publication year: 2021

Publication Type: Journal Publications