Interplay between cognition and weight reduction in individuals following a Mediterranean Diet: Three-year follow-up of the PREDIMED-Plus trial

Author, as appears in the article.: Soldevila-Domenech, Natalia; Forcano, Laura; Vintro-Alcaraz, Cristina; Cuenca-Royo, Aida; Pinto, Xavier; Jimenez-Murcia, Susana; Garcia-Gavilan, Jesus F; Nishi, Stephanei K; Babio, Nancy; Gomis-Gonzalez, Maria; Corella, Dolores; V Sorli, Jose; Fernandez-Carrion, Rebeca; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel; Marti, Amelia; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Castaner, Olga; Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando; de la Torre, Rafael

Department: Bioquímica i Biotecnologia

URV's Author/s: Babio Sánchez, Nancy Elvira / Fernández Sáez, José / García Gavilán, Jesús Francisco / Nishi, Stephanie Kimiko / Salas Salvadó, Jorge

Keywords: Wellbeing; Volume; Visuoconstructive praxis; Verbal memory; Therapy effect; Symbol digit modalities test; Short form 36; Sex difference; Rey osterrieth complex figure test; Rey auditory verbal learning test; Recall; Reaction time; Quality of life; Prevention; Prevalence; Physical-activity; Physical activity; Overweight; Older-adults; Obesity; Obese individuals; Nutrition; Neuropsychological test; Mini mental state examination; Metabolic syndrome x; Metabolic syndrome; Mental function; Memory; Mediterranean diet; Maximum-likelihood; Male; Longitudinal study; Lifestyle modification; Iowa gambling task; Intervention; Intelligence quotient; Human; Follow up; Female; Executive function; Dietary compliance; Depression; Decline; Correlational study; Controlled study; Cognition; Clinical outcome; Cardiovascular disease; Brain function; Body weight loss; Body mass; Behavior assessment; Beck depression inventory; Attention; Article; Aged; Adherence

Abstract: Background & aims: Some cognitive profiles might facilitate successful weight loss and its maintenance. Also, weight reductions may result in cognitive benefits. However, little work to date has examined the interactions between cognition and weight changes in the context of interventions with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). We studied the within-subject longitudinal relationships between cognition, body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and quality of life (QoL), in older adults following a MedDiet.Methods: The PREDIMED-Plus is a primary prevention trial testing the effect of a lifestyle intervention program with an energy-restricted MedDiet (er-MedDiet), weight-loss goals and PA promotion on cardiovascular disease. The PREDIMED-Plus-Cognition sub-study included 487 participants (50% women, mean age 65.2 +/- 4.7 years), with overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome and normal cognitive performance at baseline. A comprehensive neurocognitive test battery was administered at baseline and after 1 and 3 years.Results: Baseline higher performance in verbal memory (OR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.0, 2.1), visuoconstructive praxis and attention (OR = 1.5; 95%CI 0.9, 2.3), and inhibition (OR = 1.3; 95%CI 0.9,1.9) were associated with a higher odd of achieving at least 8% weight loss after 3 years follow-up in participants randomized to the intervention group. There were moderate improvements in specific tests of memory and executive functions during follow-up. Higher adherence to the er-MedDiet was associated with greater improvements in memory. Women exhibited lower rates of change in global cognition, PA and QoL. Moreover, improvements in memory correlated with reductions in BMI after 1 year (beta(STD) = -0.14) and with improvements in PA after 3 years (beta(STD) = 0.13). Finally, participants who experienced greater improvements in executive functions and global cognition also experienced greater improvements in their QoL.Conclusions: This study refines the understanding of the determinants and mutual interrelationships between longitudinally-assessed cognitive performance and weight loss, adding further evidence to the cognitive benefits associated with better adherence to a MedDiet. Our results also suggest that weight loss interventions tailored to the cognitive profile and gender of participants are promising avenues for future studies. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Thematic Areas: Saúde coletiva; Química; Odontología; Nutrition and dietetics; Nutrition & dietetics; Nutrição; Medicina iii; Medicina ii; Medicina i; Interdisciplinar; General medicine; Farmacia; Engenharias iv; Enfermagem; Educação física; Critical care and intensive care medicine; Ciências biológicas iii; Ciências biológicas ii; Ciências biológicas i; Ciência de alimentos; Biotecnología

licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/

Author's mail: jose.fernandezs@urv.cat; stephanie.nishi@urv.cat; jesusfrancisco.garcia@urv.cat; jose.fernandezs@urv.cat; jesusfrancisco.garcia@urv.cat; jordi.salas@urv.cat; nancy.babio@urv.cat

Record's date: 2025-03-22

Paper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Link to the original source: https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(21)00354-X/fulltext

Licence document URL: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/

Paper original source: Clinical Nutrition. 40 (9): 5221-5237

APA: Soldevila-Domenech, Natalia; Forcano, Laura; Vintro-Alcaraz, Cristina; Cuenca-Royo, Aida; Pinto, Xavier; Jimenez-Murcia, Susana; Garcia-Gavilan, Jesus (2021). Interplay between cognition and weight reduction in individuals following a Mediterranean Diet: Three-year follow-up of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Clinical Nutrition, 40(9), 5221-5237. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.020

Article's DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.020

Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Journal publication year: 2021

Publication Type: Journal Publications