Author, as appears in the article.: Boada M; Lazaro A; Villarino R; Gil-Dolcet E; Girbau D
Department: Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica
URV's Author/s: Boada Navarro, Martí / Gil Dolcet, Ernest / Girbau Sala, David / Lázaro Guillén, Antonio Ramon / Villarino Villarino, Ramón Maria
Keywords: Tires Tire-pressure monitoring systems Tire pressure sensor The near field communication (nfc) Smartphones Resistors Radio frequency identification (rfid) Pressure sensors Polynomial fittings Oscillation frequency Near field communication (nfc) Near field communication Mountain bike Magnetic fields Integrated circuits Fr4 substrates Force-sensing resistor (fsr) Force sensing resistor Electric batteries Bicycles Battery-less Antennas 3d printers
Abstract: This paper describes a novel low-cost tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) for bicycles. The system is based on a battery-less near field communication (NFC) tag that integrates a pressure sensor, which is placed between the tire and the inner tube. The system uses no battery since the energy is obtained from the magnetic field induced by the reader in order to establish the communication. The pressure can be read by any NFC-enabled reader such as a smartphone. The pressure sensor is a force-sensing resistor (FSR) that controls the oscillation frequency of a 555 timer-based oscillator. The frequency is read and computed by a microcontroller, and the result is written via $\text{I}^{2}\text{C}$ bus to the memory of a near-field communication integrated circuit (IC), which is read by a commercial smartphone or NFC reader. A prototype is designed on an FR4 substrate which integrates a $12 \times 16$ mm antenna connected to the NFC IC (NT3H211 from NXP). The proposed prototype has a 3D-printed enclosure to protect the components mounted on the surface of the PCB and to protect the tire from punctures. A system for characterizing the read range is presented. The tag requires a minimum magnetic field of $2.9~A_{RMS}/m$ to operate up to a distance of 8 mm between reader and the tire, providing enough power to supply energy to the whole circuitry and to receive the information stored at the NFC IC. The system has been tested with a 59 mm-width mountain bike tire. The sensor has been characterized using a simple polynomial fitting to obtain the pressure from the measurement of the oscillation frequency. An accuracy of 0.1 has been accomplished in the range of 0.5 to 2.2 bar. To test the system, several inflation cycles have been performed and showed that the system presents good repeatability. © 2013 IEEE.
Thematic Areas: Telecommunications Materials science (miscellaneous) Materials science (all) General materials science General engineering General computer science Engineering, electrical & electronic Engineering (miscellaneous) Engineering (all) Engenharias iv Engenharias iii Electrical and electronic engineering Computer science, information systems Computer science (miscellaneous) Computer science (all) Ciência da computação
licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
Author's mail: antonioramon.lazaro@urv.cat david.girbau@urv.cat ernest.gil@urv.cat ramon.villarino@urv.cat
Author identifier: 0000-0003-3160-5777 0000-0001-7995-5536 0000-0001-9110-438X 0000-0001-9692-8943
Record's date: 2024-10-26
Papper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Link to the original source: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9495780
Licence document URL: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/
Papper original source: Ieee Access. 9 103975-103987
APA: Boada M; Lazaro A; Villarino R; Gil-Dolcet E; Girbau D (2021). Battery-Less NFC Bicycle Tire Pressure Sensor Based on a Force-Sensing Resistor. Ieee Access, 9(), 103975-103987. DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3099946
Article's DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3099946
Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Journal publication year: 2021
Publication Type: Journal Publications
Repositori URV