Author, as appears in the article.: Jaeger V; Koletzko B; Luque V; Ferré N; Gruszfeld D; Gradowska K; Verduci E; Zuccotti GV; Xhonneux A; Poncelet P; Grote V
Department: Medicina i Cirurgia
URV's Author/s: Ferre Pallas, Natalia / Luque Moreno, Verònica
Keywords: Time-varying Macronutrients Energy Dietary pattern Chrono-nutrition Children
Abstract: We aimed to characterize the distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions (EO) in European children from preschool to school age.Data from 3-day weighed food records were collected from children at ages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 years from Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. Food intakes were assigned to EO based on country-specific daytimes for breakfast, lunch, supper and snacks (morning, afternoon). The average energy and nutrient intakes were expressed as percentage of total energy intake (%E). Nutrients were additionally expressed as percentage per EO (%EEO). Foods were assigned to food groups; variation in intake was calculated via coefficient of variation (CV). We analyzed age trends in diurnal intake using mixed-effects beta regression.The 740 healthy children included in the analysis consumed the largest proportion of daily energy at lunch (31%E ± 8, M ± SD) and supper (26%E ± 8), followed by breakfast (19%E ± 7) and snacks [afternoon (16%E ± 8); morning (8%E ± 7)], with the most variable intake at morning snack (CV = 0.9). The nutrient composition at lunch and supper was highest for fat (36 ± 9%ELunch; 39 ± 11%ESupper) and protein (18 ± 5%ELunch; 18 ± 6%ESupper) and at breakfast and snacks for carbohydrates (54 ± 12%EBreakfast; 62 ± 12%ESnacks). High-sugar content foods were consumed in relatively large proportions at breakfast and snacks. Food intakes varied significantly with age, with lower snack intakes at later ages (p < 0.001).Possibly unhealthy EOs with high-fat intakes and high-sugar-content foods were observed. Changes in nutrient composition of EOs may be beneficial for health.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00338689; 19/June/2006.© 2022. The Author(s).
Thematic Areas: Serviço social Saúde coletiva Química Nutrition and dietetics Nutrition & dietetics Nutrição Medicine (miscellaneous) Medicina veterinaria Medicina iii Medicina ii Medicina i Interdisciplinar Farmacia Educação física Ciências biológicas iii Ciências biológicas ii Ciências biológicas i Ciências ambientais Ciências agrárias i Ciência de alimentos
licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
Author's mail: veronica.luque@urv.cat natalia.ferre@urv.cat
Author identifier: 0000-0003-2615-8175 0000-0002-2838-1525
Record's date: 2024-08-03
Papper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Link to the original source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-022-02944-6
Licence document URL: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/
Papper original source: European Journal Of Nutrition. 62 (1): 165-174
APA: Jaeger V; Koletzko B; Luque V; Ferré N; Gruszfeld D; Gradowska K; Verduci E; Zuccotti GV; Xhonneux A; Poncelet P; Grote V (2023). Distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions in European children from 3 to 8 years of age: The EU Childhood Obesity Project Study. European Journal Of Nutrition, 62(1), 165-174. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02944-6
Article's DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02944-6
Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Journal publication year: 2023
Publication Type: Journal Publications
Repositori URV