Increased ultra-processed food consumption is associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome: Longitudinal analysis from a randomized trial

Identifier:  imarina:9322144

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9322144

Authors:  Gonzalez-Palacios, Sandra; Oncina-Canovas, Alejandro; Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manuela; Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Schroder, Helmut; Martinez, J Alfredo; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Warnberg, Julia; Romaguera, Dora; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Estruch, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco J; Lapetra, Jose; Serra-Majem, J Luis; Cano-Ibanez, Naomi; Tur, Josep A; Martin-Sanchez, Vicente; Pinto, Xavier; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Matia-Martin, Pilar; Vidal, Josep; Vazquer, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Ros, Emili; Bes-Rastrollo, Maira; Atzeni, Alessandro; Sorli, Jose, V; Zomeno, M Dolors; Pena-Orihuela, Patricia J; Compan-Gabucio, Laura M; Baron-Lopez, Francisco J; Zulet, Maria Angeles; Konieczna, Jadwiga; Casas, Rosa M; Garrido-Garrido, Eva M; Tojal-Sierra, Lucas; Gomez-Perez, Ana M; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Palau, Antoni; Saiz, Carmen; Perez-Vega, Karla A; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Torres-Collado, Laura; Basterra-Gortari, Javier; Garciduenas-Fimbres, Tany E; Malcampo, Mireia; Vioque, Jesus

Abstract:
Background and aims: The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Methods: We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55–75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diet was evaluated at baseline, 6- and 12-month visits using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF consumption (in grams/day and percentage of total daily dietary intake in grams) was categorized based on NOVA classification. We used mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow-up to assess the associations between changes in UPF consumption and changes in CMR factors adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyles variables. Results: In multivariable-adjusted models, when comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of UPF consumption, positive associations were found for several CMR factors: weight (kg, β = 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.26); BMI (kg/m2, β = 0.39; 0.33 to 0.46); waist circumference (cm, β = 1.03; 0.81 to 1.26); diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, β = 0.67; 0.29 to 1.06); fasting blood glucose (mg/dl, β = 1.66; 0.61 to 2.70); HbA1c (%, β = 0.04; 0.01 to 0.07); triglycerides (mg/dl, β = 6.79; 3.66 to 9.91) and triglycerides and glucose index (β = 0.06; 0.04 to 0.08). Conclusions: Higher UPF consumption was associated with adverse evolution in objectively measured CMR factors after 12 months of follow-up in adults with metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to explore whether these changes persist for longer periods.