A new class of porous silicon electrochemical transducers built from pyrolyzed polyfurfuryl alcohol

Identifier:  imarina:9366487

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9366487

Authors:  Rajendran, AA; Guo, KY; Alvarez-Fernandez, A; Gengenbach, TR; Velasco, MB; Fornerod, MJ; Shafique, K; Füredi, M; Formentín, P; Haji-Hashemi, H; Guldin, S; Voelcker, NH; Cetó, X; Prieto-Simón, B

Abstract:
Carbon-based nanomaterials are key to developing high-performing electrochemical sensors with improved sensitivity and selectivity. Nonetheless, limitations in their fabrication and integration into devices often constrain their practical applications. Moreover, carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical devices still face problems such as large background currents, poor stability, and slow kinetics. To advance towards a new class of carbon nanostructured electrochemical transducers, we propose the in-situ polymerization and carbonization of furfuryl alcohol (FA) on porous silicon (pSi) to produce a tailored and highly stable transducer. The thin layer of polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) that conformally coats the pSi scaffold transforms into nanoporous carbon when subjected to pyrolysis above 600 degrees C. The morphological and chemical properties of PFA-pSi were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Their stability and electrochemical performance were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in [Fe(CN)6] 3-/4-, [Ru(NH3)6] 2+/3+, and hydroquinone. PFA-pSi showed superior electrochemical performance compared to screen-printed carbon electrodes while also surpassing glassy carbon electrodes in specific aspects. Besides, PFA-pSi has the additional advantage of easy tuning of the electroactive surface area. To prove its potential for biosensing purposes, a DNA sensor based on quantifying the partial pore blockage of the pSi upon target hybridization was built on PFA-pSi. The sensor showed a limit of detection of 1.4 pM, outperforming other sensors based on the same sensing mechanism.