Effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion on the gut metabolome and microbiota: a randomized clinical trial

Author, as appears in the article.: Garcia-Gavilan, Jesis F; Atzeni, Alessandro; Babio, Nancy; Liang, Liming; Belzer, Clara; Vioque, Jesus; Corella, Dolores; Fito, Montserrat; Vidal, Josep; Moreno-Indias, Isabel; Torres-Collado, Laura; Coltell, Oscar; Toledo, Estefania; Clish, Clary; Hernando, Javier; Yun, Huan; Hernandez-Cacho, Adrian; Jeanfavre, Sarah; Dennis, Courtney; Gomez-Perez, Ana M; Martinez, Maria Angeles; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Tinahones, Francisco J; Hu, Frank B; Salas-Salvado, Jordi

Department: Bioquímica i Biotecnologia

URV's Author/s: Atzeni, Alessandro / Babio Sánchez, Nancy Elvira / García Gavilán, Jesús Francisco / HERNÁNDEZ CACHO, ADRIÁN / Martínez Rodríguez, María Ángeles / MARTÍNEZ VERA, MARÍA ASUNCIÓN / Salas Salvadó, Jorge

Keywords: Sphingolipids; Obesity; Middle aged; Metabolome; Metabolic syndrome; Mediterranean diet; Male; Lifestyle intervention; Life style; Insulin-resistance; Humans; Glucos; Gastrointestinal microbiome; Female; Feces; Fecal microbiota; Fecal metabolome; Fecal metabolom; Exercise; Diet, mediterranean; Cholesterol; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular disease risk factor; Cardiocascular risk factor; Bile-acid; Aged; Adherence

Abstract: Background: The health bene fi ts of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the presence of bene fi cial gut microbes and related metabolites. However, its impact on the fecal metabolome remains poorly understood. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the weight-loss effects of a 1-y lifestyle intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet coupled with physical activity (intervention group), compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (control group), on fecal metabolites, fecal microbiota, and their potential association with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: A total of 400 participants (200 from each study group), aged 55 - 75 y, and at high cardiovascular disease risk, were included. Dietary and lifestyle information, anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical parameters, and stool samples were collected at baseline and after 1 y of followup. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to pro fi le endogenous fecal metabolites, and 16S amplicon sequencing was employed to pro fi le the fecal microbiota. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited greater weight loss and improvement in various cardiovascular disease risk factors. We identi fi ed intervention effects on 4 stool metabolites and subnetworks primarily composed of bile acids, ceramides, and sphingosines, fatty acids, carnitines, nucleotides, and metabolites of purine and the Krebs cycle. Some of these were associated with changes in several cardiovascular disease risk factors. In addition, we observed a reduction in the abundance of the genera Eubacterium hallii group and Dorea , and an increase in alpha diversity in the intervention group after 1 y of follow-up. Changes in the intervention -related microbiota pro fi les were also associated with alterations in different fecal metabolite subnetworks and some cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions: An intervention based on an energy -reduced MedDiet and physical activity promotion, compared with an ad libitum MedDiet, was associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, potentially through modulation of the fecal microbiota and metabolome. This trial was registered at https://www.isrctn.com/ as ISRCTN89898870 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870).

Thematic Areas: Serviço social; Saúde coletiva; Odontología; Nutrition and dietetics; Nutrition & dietetics; Nutrição; Medicine (miscellaneous); Medicina iii; Medicina ii; Medicina i; General medicine; Enfermagem; Educação física; Ciências biológicas ii; Ciência de alimentos; Biotecnología

licence for use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/

Author's mail: jesusfrancisco.garcia@urv.cat; alessandro.atzeni@urv.cat; adrian.hernandez@urv.cat; mangeles.martinez@urv.cat; jesusfrancisco.garcia@urv.cat; alessandro.atzeni@urv.cat; jordi.salas@urv.cat; nancy.babio@urv.cat

Record's date: 2025-02-17

Paper version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Link to the original source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524001679?via%3Dihub

Licence document URL: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/

Paper original source: American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition. 119 (5): 1143-1154

APA: Garcia-Gavilan, Jesis F; Atzeni, Alessandro; Babio, Nancy; Liang, Liming; Belzer, Clara; Vioque, Jesus; Corella, Dolores; Fito, Montserrat; Vidal, Jos (2024). Effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion on the gut metabolome and microbiota: a randomized clinical trial. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 119(5), 1143-1154. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.021

Article's DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.021

Entity: Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Journal publication year: 2024

Publication Type: Journal Publications