Asociación entre la severidad de las alteraciones de la conducta alimentaria y el patrón dietético: estudio comparativo en escolares de primaria y secundaria

Identificador:  TDX:510

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX510

Autors:  Babio Sánchez, Nancy Elvira

Resum:
Objectives: To evaluate whether differing grades of severity of eating disorders (ED) bring about changes in feeding of nutritional importance or whether they are behavioural conditions with little repercussion on development from early ages prior to adolescence.To study to what extent anthropometrical and psycho-social factors participate in the process of development of ED from pre-adolescence. Material and Methods: Two transversal studies with two phases were performed. During the first phase 1522 primary or pre-adolescent school children were screened and 3122 secondary or adolescent school children. During the second phase 259 primary school subjects (129 at risk and 130 controls) and 425 secondary school subjects (217 at risk and 208 controls). Subjects with unspecified eating disorders were identified in each age group.The Children Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and Youth's Inventory-IV tests were performed. ED diagnoses were confirmed using the diagnostic interview for children and adolescents (in preadolescents) and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (in adolescents). 3 nonconsecutive day's food intake was recorded (including a weekday). The Goldberg test was used to validate the estimation of energy intake. Feeding patterns were determined using factorial analysis (method of principal components), overweight and obesity using Cole et al's cut-off points and body dissatisfaction (BD) using the Body Areas Satisfaction Test. Data was analysed using the SPPS statistical package (version 13.0). Results: ED of greater severity was associated with lower energy intake in girls and this was more evident during adolescence. Calcium, phosphorous, iron and folates are the most susceptible nutrients to deficiency. Differences in feeding patterns were observed according to severity of the ED and age. In both sexes and in both age groups the frequency of excess weight and fat mass increased significantly with greater severity of ED. Girls at risk of ED and with greater BMI showed greater BD. In the risk group of adolescent girls, socio-cultural and emotional factors were associated with BD.Conclusions: Greater severity of ED was associated with less energy and nutrient intake in girls and this was significant in adolescents. While the restriction is of lipid origin in preadolescents, the three macronutrients are equally restricted in adolescents. In both preadolescence and adolescence, greater BMI and less body satisfaction are negatively associated with energy intake only in girls and mainly in situations of ED risk.