Identificador: TDX:591
Autors: Espasa Arana, Jordi
Resum:
This study intends to analyse the accountancy situation in the European Micro-states. The main objective sought is to ascertain in what way some of them develop an economic activity comparable to that of other countries which are larger. This justifies the need to establish an accountancy frame which regulates the multiple business operations conducted within in order to obtain a homogeneous account information, thus allowing for a better comparison and interpretation of financial states. From a methodological point of view, the investigation has four parts: the first describes the characteristics of each micro-state bearing in mind its political organisation its economy and the formal legal aspects which differentiate each other, and moreover the fiscal characteristics and accountancy situation of each. The second part focusses solely in Andorra and explains its accountancy situation; the third part refers to the International Accountancy Norms to assist in the development of accountancy in that micro-state. These three parts allow for concretion regarding improvement proposals insofar as accountancy in Andorra is concerned and herein detailed in the forth and last part of the investigation. In accountancy in micro-states the financial sector is, clearly, the most developed due to its specific weight within them. On the other hand it should also be pointed out the strong dependence which, in this respect, applies not only bordering countries but also the public sector given the scarce accountancy norms in those countries. Focussing on the analysis related to the micro-state of Andorra we will see that in the first place we have developed the study of its economical situation as well as its main economic indicators, the consequences of the agreement signed with the EU and furthermore, the repercussions derived since the introductions of the euro.Regarding knowledge of the accountancy situation of this Principality, the following have been analysed separately:Public sector accounts: by means of applying the Llei General de les Finances Públiques analysis.The financial sector accounts bound by the regular accounting plan of this sector whose control of implementation and supervision are responsibility of Institut Nacional Andorrà de Finances.Accountancy of firms in general. To this end, we have surveyed some firms within the main sectors taking into account their various sizes and placement. This empirical study has been effected according to small, medium and large-size rulings: the line has been drawn according to their active capital and the volume of their turnover. The survey has sixteen items where the following are questioned: accountancy principles, evaluation norms used, closing accounts effected, book-keeping used, internal accountancy procedure and auditing (when applicable) and, finally, any other type of analysis of their financial state, among other questions. The aforesaid leads to the conclusion that European micro-states in general and Andorra in particular, as far as most firms are concerned, lack any type of accountancy norm. In this sense they need an implementation of their own, adapted, both to the socio-economics characteristics of each country as well as to the accountancy norms thus satisfying the needs of the firm, those of the administration and the rest of users.Currently this system should become part and parcel of what is known as the continental model, that is, among those geared to 'control'; however, if in a near future we advocate for the implementation of an IAS-based system, it would fall within the 'prediction' group, such as is the anglosaxon model. Consequently, the future accountancy system to be implemented in Andorra should be encompassed within a conceptual framework with norms to be adapted to European directives, particularly to International Norms bearing in mind that the European Union has chosen this model as the best alternative towards an evenness of accountancy.
Repositori URV