Identificador: TDX:721
Autors: Ponce Alifonso, Carmen
Resum:
This research wants to be a reflexion on didactic intervention that, in the field of the processes of social integration, has been developed in recent years in our country, with special reference to Catalonia. This intervention tries to realize changes in the social reality, orientated to improve the living conditions and the welfare of the citizens. We have focused on the intervention that is carried out with children and adolescents.In its beginnings, the treatment of the minors was based on a charitable-welfare model. When they presented a problematic situation, the solution was their internment and, therefore, the separation from their family environment. This ideology has dominated in Spain for long time ago, and it is a protective and corrective way to treat the social problem of the minors. However, instead of promote their social integration, in many cases their conditions of marginalization were deteriorating. In the last years we have changed from a paternalistic vision to a model of social action. This new perspective is framed inside the Welfare State and tries to resolve the needs of children with the development of a services network: social services for primary care, social specializing services, schools of special action, special education schools,... These actions are carried out by the Administration to help to integrate the young into their social and educational reality. The legal action on the minors who have committed a criminal fact has evolved from a protective model (where the intervention was focused on the monitoring and control) to an educational model (where the therapeutic character of the interventions and the minor needs has a great importance, being less relevant the committed crime) and, finally, arriving to a responsibility model, characterized by:· the social responsibility of the young and the need to compensate the victims and the society, without neglecting the educational character of the penal response;· it is necessary to establish a minority and a penal adult age.The fieldwork of this investigation focuses on the area of social and educational intervention with minors (aged between 12 and 16 years), in an open way (in the natural environment of the minor), who have committed an offence typified by the Penal Code. The purpose and usefulness of this research lies in the design of an educational individualized program (EIP). The fundamental objective of this program is to develop a technical tool (theoretical and methodologically) that provides coherence and systematizes the intervention, and allows us to evaluate the different elements of the program.The initial offer of elements of the IEP was contrasted by the team of DAMs (Delegates of Assistance to the Minor) from the Open Environment Service of the Territorial Section of the Juvenile Justice in Tarragona. We chose them because they are our more nearby reality and for being acquainted with this context (for 4 years, from 1986 to 1990, I was employed as DAM at the above mentioned team). After re-elaborating the initial offer of EIP, the systematized experimentation was carried out with a sample of 9 minors, who were in different phases of follow-up (initial, intermediate and final).The application of this program of intervention allows us to realize a qualitative interpretation and analyze the different components of the EIP. This research has the intention of offering both reflections and trends and, finally, to do the concrete proposals that should allow to improve the design of the EIP.
Repositori URV