Polimerización de benzoxazinas funcionalizadas. Estudio mecanístico.

Identificador:  TDX:790

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX790

Autores:  Andreu Pujol, Robert

Resumen:
Nowadays, in the field of polymeric materials a new type of phenolic resins are being developed from 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines. The synthesis of these compounds takes place by reaction of a phenol, a primary amine and formaldehyde. These monomers give polybenzoxazines by means of temperature or catalysts by a ring-opening process.The resulting polymers exhibit good thermal stability, interesting mechanical properties, and excellent resistance to chemicals and radiation UV. The low change of volume during polymerization together with their low viscosity facilitates its processing in industrial applications. Their low dielectric constant and low water absorption make them useful in electronic applications. Finally, the presence of nitrogen and aromatic rings contributes to confer them a flame retardant character.Usually, the benzoxazine polymerization is carried out at high temperatures, generally exceeding 200ºC. Nevertheless, is typical to use acidic catalyst to accelerate the process. The propagation mechanism of benzoxazine polimerization described in the literature is cationic and proceeds through the attack of the nucleophilic positions to the oxonium activated heterocyclic ring.Most benzoxazines used in the industry are difunctional like the Bisphenol-A derivate, and lead to crosslinked materials. Consequently there is not much information concerning the mechanism of polymerization and the structure of these polymers. For this reason this work is focused on the study of the polymer formation by means the use of monofunctional benzoxazines that have been synthesised for this purpose.The main aim of this work is to establish a feasible polymerization mechanism. For this reason a family of benzoxazines containing functional groups with different electron-withdra