Identifier: TFM:525
Authors: Queral Añó, Judit
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease in the elderly population, but there are inconsistencies regarding which type of intervention (food or nutritional supplement) is most effective in osteoporosis treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of nutritional interventions via food or with supplementation for the treatment of osteoporosis in elderly people living in the community. METHODOLOGY: The bibliographic search was performed in two databases, Pubmed and Cochrane Library. Controlled and randomized studies (RCTs) based on nutritional interventions to improve osteoporosis from supplementation or diet, aimed at people aged ≥50 years with diagnosed osteoporosis were included. The main variable is osteoporosis evaluated from Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and the secondary ones, vitamin D and calcium. RESULTS: Of 248 RCTs identified, 9 RCTs were included in the systematic review. Five of 9 proved to be effective in improving BMD, 3 were nutritional interventions through supplementation and 2 through food. Only 4 RCTs could be included in the meta-analysis, showing their effectiveness in increasing BMD of the femoral neck (0.01 g / m2; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.01; p <0.001) and serum concentrations of 25 (OH) D (+42 nmol / L; 95% CI, 8.02 to 47.24; p = 0.006), but not the BMD of the lumbar spine (-0.00; 95% CI, 0.00 at 0.00; p = 0.61). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the systematic review and meta-analysis, both nutritional interventions with supplements and with food in elderly people living in the community for the treatment of osteoporosis, are effective in improving femoral BMD and to increase serum concentrations of Vitamin D. There is a lack of evidence to be able to show what type of interventions, if those that are based on supplements or based on food are more effective.
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