Contamination level, spatial distribution, and sources of potentially toxic elements in indoor settled household dusts in Tehran, Iran

Autor segons l'article: Khajooee, Neda; Modabberi, Soroush; Khoshmanesh Zadeh, Behnoush; Razavian, Fatemeh; Gaya-Caro, Nuria; Sierra, Jordi; Rovira, Joaquim

Departament: Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques

Autor/s de la URV: Gaya Caro, Nuria / Rovira Solano, Joaquim

Paraules clau: Urban soils; Urban metal source; Urban metal sourc; Trace-elements; Surface dust; Street dust; Soil; Road dust; Potentially toxic elements; Pollution load index; Outdoor dust; Mercury; Lead; Iran; Indoor settled dust; Heavy-metal pollution; Health-risk assessment; Dust; Contamination factor; Cit; Cadmium

Resum: Tehran, the capital city of Iran, has been facing air pollution for several decades due to rapid urbanization, population growth, improper vehicle use, and the low quality of fuels. In this study, 31 indoor dust samples were collected passively from residential and commercial buildings located in the central and densely populated districts of the city. These samples were analyzed after preparation to measure the concentration of elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Zn). Statistical data analyses were employed to compare their relationship across various uses, variations, and for source identification. Geochemical indices of contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to evaluate the degree of contamination. The mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb (938, 206, and 176 mu g g(-1), respectively) are 6, 5, and 3 times higher than their mean values in worldwide urban soils. Additionally, Cd, Mo, and Ni showed concentrations about 1.5 times higher, while As, Co, Cr, Mn, and Sr fell within the range of reference soils. Be, V, and Sb displayed remarkably lower mean values. Building use did not significantly influence element levels in indoor deposited dust except for Pb and Zn. A comparison of indoor concentrations with previously published data for outdoor dusts revealed higher enrichments of Mo, Cu, Pb, and Ni, while As, Cd, and Zn showed lower enrichments in street dust samples. The order of CF values indicated Hg > Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > As > Ni > Cr > Co > V. For Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all or almost all samples exhibited very high contamination. PLI values were consistently higher than 1, indicating contamination in all samples. Multivariate statistical analysis and Tehran's specific geological location suggested that mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks are primary sources for Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni (PC1). As, Pb, and V (PC2) were attributed to fossil fuel combustion in vehicles and residential buildings. Pb is a legacy metal remaining from the use of leaded gasoline, which was phased out in the 1990s. Zn (PC3) is derived from vehicle tires.

Àrees temàtiques: Water science and technology; Water resources; Química; Public, environmental & occupational health; Planejamento urbano e regional / demografia; Medicine (miscellaneous); Medicina ii; Materiais; Interdisciplinar; Geografía; Geociências; Geochemistry and petrology; General environmental science; Environmental sciences; Environmental science (miscellaneous); Environmental science (all); Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Engineering, environmental; Engenharias ii; Engenharias i; Ciências biológicas ii; Ciências ambientais; Ciências agrárias i; Biotecnología; Biodiversidade

Accès a la llicència d'ús: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/

Adreça de correu electrònic de l'autor: joaquim.rovira@urv.cat; nuria.gaya@estudiants.urv.cat; nuria.gaya@estudiants.urv.cat

Data d'alta del registre: 2025-01-08

Versió de l'article dipositat: info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion

Enllaç font original: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10653-023-01838-8

Referència a l'article segons font original: Environmental Geochemistry And Health. 46 (2): 56-

Referència de l'ítem segons les normes APA: Khajooee, Neda; Modabberi, Soroush; Khoshmanesh Zadeh, Behnoush; Razavian, Fatemeh; Gaya-Caro, Nuria; Sierra, Jordi; Rovira, Joaquim (2024). Contamination level, spatial distribution, and sources of potentially toxic elements in indoor settled household dusts in Tehran, Iran. Environmental Geochemistry And Health, 46(2), 56-. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01838-8

URL Document de llicència: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/

DOI de l'article: 10.1007/s10653-023-01838-8

Entitat: Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Any de publicació de la revista: 2024

Tipus de publicació: info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint