Mediterranean Diet, Energy Restriction, Physical Activity, and Atherogenicity of Very-Low Density Lipoproteins: Findings from Two Randomized Controlled Trials

Identifier:  imarina:9287395

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9287395

Authors:  Alejandra Perez-Vega, Karla; Castaner, Olga; Sanllorente, Albert; Lassale, Camille; Ros, Emilio; Pinto, Xavier; Estruch, Ramon; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Razquin, Cristina; Fiol, Miquel; Lapetra, Jose; Gomez-Gracia, Enrique; Tinahones, Francisco J; Hernaez, Alvaro; Fito, Montserrat

Abstract:
ScopeSome very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) properties may render them more pro-atherogenic. We aimed to assess whether a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) or an energy-reduced MedDiet with increased physical activity improves them. Methods and resultsIn a sample of the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea (PREDIMED) study, a 1-year intervention with MedDiet with extra-virgin olive oil (n = 89) or nuts (MedDiet-Nuts; n = 79) is compared with a low-fat diet (n = 90). In the PREDIMED-Plus study, a 1-year intervention with energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity (n = 103) is compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (n = 101). VLDL levels of apolipoprotein C-I, C-III, triglycerides, and cholesterol; the apolipoprotein E-/C-I ratio; and VLDL ex-vivo triglyceride transfer are measured. In PREDIMED participants in both MedDiet groups combined, VLDL apolipoprotein C-III levels are nominally reduced (-0.023 SD units, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.014, p = 0.037). VLDL triglyceride transfer is nominally increased in the MedDiet-Nuts group (+0.39 SD units, 95% CI 0.012-0.78, p = 0.045). In PREDIMED-Plus, no inter-group differences are detected. ConclusionsIn older adults at high cardiovascular risk, MedDiet is associated with lower VLDL atherogenicity versus a low-fat diet. No differences are seen after an energy-reduced MedDiet with physical activity.