Contribution of cardio-vascular risk factors to depressive status in the PREDIMED-PLUS Trial. A cross-sectional and a 2-year longitudinal study

Identifier:  imarina:9411882

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9411882

Authors:  Martin-Pelaez, Sandra; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Cano-Ibanez, Naomi; Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Miguel; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Corella, Dolores; Lassale, Camille; Alfredo Martinez, Jose; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Warnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesus; Romaguera, Dora; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Estruch, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco J; Lapetra, Jose; Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando; Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora; Tur, Josep A; Martin, Vicente; Pinto, Xavier; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Matia, Pilar; Vidal, Josep; Vazquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Ros, Emili; Toledo, Estefania; Nishi, Stephanie K; Sorli, Jose V; Malcampo, Mireia; Angeles Zulet, M; Moreno-Rodriguez, Anai; Cueto-Galan, Raquel; Vivancos-Aparicio, Diego; Colom, Antoni; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Casas, Rosa; Rosa Bernal-Lopez, M; Manuel Santos-Lozano, Jose; Vazquez, Zenaida; Gomez-Martinez, Carlos; Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; Luis del Val, Jose; Abete, Itziar; Goikoetxea-Bahon, Amaia; Pascual, Elena; Becerra-Tomas, Nerea; Chillaron, Juan J; Sanchez-Villegas, Almudena

Abstract:
Background Cardio-vascular disease and depression are thought to be closely related, due to shared risk factors. The aim of the study was to determine the association between cardio-vascular risk (CVR) factors and depressive status in a population (55-75 years) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Methods and findings Participants were classified into three groups of CVR according to the Framingham-based REGICOR function: (1) low (LR), (2) medium (MR) or (3) high/very high (HR). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and after 2 years. The association between CVR and depressive status at baseline (n = 6545), and their changes after 2 years (n = 4566) were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models). HR women showed higher odds of depressive status than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.26, 2.50)]. MR and HR participants with total cholesterol < 160 mg/mL showed higher odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.13, 2.77) and 2.83 (1.25, 6.42) respectively)] but those with total cholesterol >= 280 mg/mL showed lower odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.07, 0.98) and 0.23 (0.05, 0.95), respectively]. All participants decreased their BDI-II score after 2 years, being the decrease smaller in MR and HR diabetic compared to LR [adjusted mean +/- SE = -0.52 +/- 0.20, -0.41 +/- 0.27 and -1.25 +/- 0.31 respectively). MR and HR participants with total cholesterol between 240-279 mg/mL showed greater decreases in the BDI-II score compared to LR (adjusted mean +/- SE = -0.83 +/- 0.37, -0.77 +/- 0.64 and 0.97 +/- 0.52 respectively). Conclusions Improving cardiovascular health could prevent the onset of depression in the elderly. Diabetes and total cholesterol in individuals at high CVR, may play a specific role in the precise response. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870).