Dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year changes in cognitive function in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome

Identifier:  imarina:9453505

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9453505

Authors:  Vazquez-Lorente, Hector; Ni, Jiaqi; Paz-Graniel, Indira; Toledo, Estefania; Corella, Dolores; Castaner, Olga; Martinez, J Alfredo; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Warnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesus; Romaguera, Dora; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Estruch, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco J; Lapetra, Jose; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Bouzalmate-Hajjaj, Amira; Tur, Josep A; Perez, Rafael M Mico; Fanlo, Marta; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Bustelo, Ana Barabash; Vidal, Josep; Vazquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Ros, Emili; Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando; Rognoni, Teresa; Babio, Nancy; Asensio, Eva M; Perez-Vega, Karla-Alejandra; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Compan-Gabucio, Laura; Cueto-Galan, Raquel; Zulet, M Angeles; Nafria, Mar; Casas, Rosa; Cano-Ibanez, Naomi; Tojal-Sierra, Luis; Gomez-Perez, Ana Maria; Goni, Nuria; Sorli, Jose V; Zomeno, Maria Dolores; Arenas-Larriva, Antonio P; Jimenez-Selles, Pedro; Basterra-Gortari, Javier; Fito, Montserrat; Salas-Salvado, Jordi

Abstract:
The protective role of dietary vitamin D intake on cognitive function is of interest, but evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year cognitive changes in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This longitudinal study comprised 5454 individuals (aged 55-75 years in men and 60-75 years in women) who exhibited overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Data on dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed through five composite scores derived from a comprehensive battery of eight neuropsychological tests, encompassing global cognitive function, general cognitive function, attention, executive function, and language domains. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between energy-adjusted cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake over time and 2-year changes in cognitive function. After adjusting for multiple covariates, energy-adjusted cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake as a continuous variable was associated with greater 2-year improvements in global cognitive function (beta 1.18 x 10-2; 95% CI 0.19 x 10-2 to 2.17 x 10-2), executive function (beta 1.12 x 10-2; 95% CI 0.03 x 10-2 to 2.21 x 10-2), and language (beta 1.61 x 10-2; 95% CI 0.43 x 10-2 to 2.78 x 10-2). Additionally, the higher cumulative average dietary vitamin D intake quartile was associated with an increase in global cognitive function (beta 7.10 x 10-2; 95% CI 0.59 x 10-2 to 13.6 x 10-2), language (beta 7.07 x 10-2; 95% CI - 0.52 x 10-2 to 14.7 x 10-2), and a lower decline in attention (beta 9.58 x 10-2; 95% CI 1.60 x 10-2 to 17.5 x 10-2). A higher dietary vitamin D intake was associated with modest favorable changes in cognitive function and a reduced cognitive decline over a 2-year period. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore the potential benefits of boosting dietary vitamin D intake for cognitive health in older adults.