Higher versus lower nut consumption and changes in cognitive performance over two years in a population at risk of cognitive decline: a cohort study

Identificador:  imarina:9325539

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9325539

Autores:  Ni, Jiaqi; Nishi, Stephanie K; Babio, Nancy; Ros, Emilio; Basterra-Gortari, F Javier; Corella, Dolores; Castaner, O; Martinez, J Alfredo; Alonso-Gomez, Angel M; Warnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesus; Romaguera, Dora; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Estruch, Ramon; Tinahones, Francisco J; Santos-Lozano, Jose Manuel; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Cano-Ibanez, Naomi; Tur, Josep A; Fernandez-Garcia, Jose Manuel; Pinto, Xavier; Delgado-Rodriguez, Miguel; Matia-Martin, Pilar; Vidal, Josep; Vazquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Sola, Cristina Mestres; Portoles, Olga; Sala-Vila, Aleix; Garcia-Rios, Antonio; Compan-Gabucio, Laura Maria; Gomez-Gracia, Enrique; Zulet, M Angeles; Chaplin, Alice; Casas, Rosa; Martinez-Diz, Silvia; Tojal-Sierra, Lucas; Gomez-Perez, Ana Maria; Toledo, Estefania; Rios, Santiago; Ortega-Azorin, Carolina; de la Torre, Rafael; Pena-Orihuela, Patricia J; Garcia-de la Hera, Manuela; Sayon-Orea, Carmen; Malcampo, Mireia; Salas-Salvado, Jordi

Resumen:
Background: Tree nuts and peanuts (henceforth, nuts) are nutrient-dense foods rich in neuroprotective components; thus, their consumption could benefit cognitive health. However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent regarding the potential benefits of nuts for cognitive function. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the association between nut consumption and 2-y changes in cognitive performance in older adults at cognitive decline risk. Methods: A total of 6,630 participants aged 55 to 75 y (mean age 65.0±4.9 y, 48.4% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and a 2-y follow-up. Composite cognitive scores were used to assess global, general, attention, and executive function domains. Nut consumption was categorized as <1, ≥1 to <3, ≥3 to <7, and ≥7 servings/wk (1 serving=30 g). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between baseline nut consumption and 2-y cognitive changes. Results: Nut consumption was positively associated with 2-y changes in general cognitive function (P-trend <0.001). Compared with participants consuming <1 serving/wk of nuts, those categorized as consuming ≥3 to <7 and ≥7 servings/wk showed more favorable changes in general cognitive performance (β z-score [95% CI] = 0.06 [0.00,0.12] and 0.13 [0.06,0.20], respectively). No significant changes were observed in the multivariable-adjusted models for other cognitive domains assessed. Conclusion: Frequent nut consumption was associated with a smaller decline in general cognitive performance over 2 y in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Randomized clinical trials to verify our findings are warranted.