Articles producció científicaBioquímica i Biotecnologia

Nutritional content and promotional practices of foods for infants and young children on the spanish market: a cross-sectional product evaluation

  • Datos identificativos

    Identificador:  imarina:9453480
    Autores:  Leszczynska, Paulina Maria; de las Heras-Delgado, Sara; Shyam, Sangeetha; Threapleton, Diane; Cade, Janet; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Babio, Nancy
    Resumen:
    The first 1000 days of life are crucial for health, making it essential that foods for infants and young children (FIYC) meet high nutritional standards, as defined by the World Health Organization's (WHO) Nutrient and Promotion Profile Model (NPPM). There is high reliance on commercially available highly processed FIYC for children under 3 years of age, and a growing market. The aim of this study is to analyse the nutrient profiles of FIYC using the WHO NPPM and determine the proportion of products available in Spain suitable for promotion. Data on 830 FIYC available from brands sold by major retailers in Spain were collected. Product nutrient composition and label information were assessed using the WHO NPPM for the European Region. The processed fruit and vegetables were the most common FIYC category, accounting for 46% of the products surveyed. Overall, only 23% met all NPPM nutritional standards. About 60% of products had excessive sugar content, with 98% of fruit and vegetable purees qualifying for a front-of-pack sugar warning. One in four savoury meals was protein-deficient and one in four of all FIYC was energy-deficient. Only 7% and 2% exceeded the sodium and fat limits, respectively. No product fully met the NPPM promotion recommendations.Conclusion: Nearly 80% of FIYC products in Spain do not meet WHO's NPPM criteria for nutrient quality, with many high in sugar, low in protein and too watery (low energy). None met the promotional recommendations, highlighting the need for better regulation to improve the nutritional content and appropriate marketing of products for young children. What is Known?center dot The first 1,000 days of life are critical for child development and require optimal nutrition.center dot The WHO European Region developed the Nutrient and Promotion Profile Model (NPPM) to evaluate foods for infants and young children (FIYC).What is New?center dot This is the first comprehensive study applying the WHO NPPM to 830 FIYC products on the Spanish market.center dot Nearly 80% of products failed to meet the nutritional standards, and none complied with the promotion criteria.
  • Otros:

    Enlace a la fuente original: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-025-06156-y
    Referencia de l'ítem segons les normes APA: Leszczynska, Paulina Maria; de las Heras-Delgado, Sara; Shyam, Sangeetha; Threapleton, Diane; Cade, Janet; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Babio, Nancy (2025). Nutritional content and promotional practices of foods for infants and young children on the spanish market: a cross-sectional product evaluation. European Journal Of Pediatrics, 184(6), 333-. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-025-06156-y
    Referencia al articulo segun fuente origial: European Journal Of Pediatrics. 184 (6): 333-
    DOI del artículo: 10.1007/s00431-025-06156-y
    Año de publicación de la revista: 2025-05-10
    Entidad: Universitat Rovira i Virgili
    Versión del articulo depositado: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
    Fecha de alta del registro: 2026-03-02
    Autor/es de la URV: Babio Sánchez, Nancy Elvira / Munné Cuevas, José Carlos / Salas Salvadó, Jorge
    Departamento: Bioquímica i Biotecnologia
    URL Documento de licencia: https://repositori.urv.cat/ca/proteccio-de-dades/
    Tipo de publicación: Journal Publications
    Autor según el artículo: Leszczynska, Paulina Maria; de las Heras-Delgado, Sara; Shyam, Sangeetha; Threapleton, Diane; Cade, Janet; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Babio, Nancy
    Acceso a la licencia de uso: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
    Áreas temáticas: Saúde coletiva, Pediatrics, perinatology and child health, Pediatrics, Odontología, Nutrição, Medicina iii, Medicina ii, Medicina i, Interdisciplinar, General medicine, Farmacia, Educação física, Ciências biológicas iii, Ciências biológicas ii, Ciências biológicas i, Ciências ambientais, Biotecnología
    Direcció de correo del autor: carles.munne@urv.cat, carles.munne@urv.cat, jordi.salas@urv.cat, nancy.babio@urv.cat
  • Palabras clave:

    Zero hunger
    World health organization
    Toddlers
    Sugar content
    Sugar
    Spain
    Ris
    Profile model
    Nutritive value
    Nutrient profiles
    Nutrient profile
    Nutrient
    Infant food
    Infant
    Humans
    Fruit
    Food labeling
    Cross-sectional studies
    Commercial foods
    Child
    preschool
    Pediatrics
    Perinatology and Child Health
    Saúde coletiva
    Odontología
    Nutrição
    Medicina iii
    Medicina ii
    Medicina i
    Interdisciplinar
    General medicine
    Farmacia
    Educação física
    Ciências biológicas iii
    Ciências biológicas ii
    Ciências biológicas i
    Ciências ambientais
    Biotecnología
  • Documentos:

  • Cerca a google

    Search to google scholar