Identificador: imarina:9389690
Autors: Borrull Ballarín, Francesc / Fontanals Torroja, Núria / Marcé Recasens, Rosa Maria
Resum:
In last decades, the appearance and consumption of illicit drugs has been growing gradually, which eventually has led to their occurrence in environmental samples. Some of the illicit drugs (namely amphetamines, cathinones, ketamine, among others) are in form of enantiomers, whose enantiodetermination is of crucial relevance to be able to distinguish not only ecotoxicological but also risk assessment effects. In view of this, development of analytical methods for the enantiodetermination of illicit drugs in environment is an evolving research field. Among various analytical techniques, chiral liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used due to its simplicity, wide applicability and high sensitivity to determine chiral illicit drugs in environmental samples. However, other separation techniques including gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis has been also explored either using direct (chiral stationary phases) or indirect methods (chiral additives or derivatisation using usual stationary phases) in such conditions feasible to be coupled to MS. This chapter covers the different aspects of chiral illicit drugs in environmental samples, with special emphasis on their determination. Thus, different sample treatment strategies for water and solid analysis are overviewed. Moreover, separation techniques including mainly LC using several chiral stationary phases and elution modes are summerised, but also GC enantioseparation using either direct and indirect methods are outlined. Finally, some applications for the enantiomeric fraction determination of chiral drugs in environmental matrices are also described.
Repositori URV