Marcadores de adiposidad, patrones dietéticos y función pulmonar en sujetos fumadores sin enfermedad respiratoria

Identificador:  TDX:2737

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX2737

Autors:  Sorlí Aguilar, Mar

Resum:
The objective is to determine the relationship between various markers of adiposity and dietary pattern and impaired lung function in smokers of 35 to 70 years, of both sexes and without respiratory disease in primary care. To this end, three studies were presented: 1) the evaluation of the association between adiposity markers and pulmonary function: cross-sectional study in a representative sample of the ESPITAP project; 2) evaluation of the association between dietary patterns and lung function: cross-sectional study in a subsample of the RESET project; 3) designing an intervention study to increase adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) to improve lung function. The results show a negative association between waist circumference and lung function parameters (FVC: β = -0.34, p = 0.035; FEV1: β = -0.51, p = 0.007) and the same association was observed between waist to height ratio (WHtR) and FEV1 (β = -52.17, p = 0.041) in men. In addition, the study population three associate with breathing patterns were identified: an alcohol consumption pattern associated statistically significantly with a high risk of impaired lung function in total sample (OR 4.56, 95% CI 1.58- 13.18), and especially in women (OR 11.47, 95% CI 2.25 to 58.47); a Westernized pattern associated with an increased risk of impaired lung function in women (OR 5.62, 95% CI 1.17 to 27.02); and a Mediterranean-like pattern that showed no significant association with the occurrence of pulmonary impairment (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.79), suggesting a protective effect on respiratory function. In short, the body composition and diet pattern are risk factors for impaired lung function that should be considered to preserve lung function. In addition to the key recommendation of quitting, smokers could benefit from follow a specific nutritional program based on the MD.