Multi-omics strategy to elucidate the gut microbiota activity

Identificador:  TDX:2981

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX2981

Autors:  Guirro Castellnou, Maria

Resum:
Gut microbiota has become a key player in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and its associated comorbidities, such as hypertension. Treatment of metabolic syndrome is complicated because it is a cluster of disorders; thus, polyphenols can exert beneficial effects to ameliorate metabolic syndrome, especially hesperidin, decreasing the increased levels of blood pressure. Moreover, some factors such as diet or antibiotics can disrupt the gut microbiota-host equilibrium and trigger a set of detrimental events. To fully comprehend the role of gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome, metaomic sciences have been proposed as the most accurate strategy. A multi-omics strategy combining metagenomics, which provides the taxonomic profile, and metaproteomics, which helps to understand the function in host, is the most adequate approach to study the role of the gut microbiota. In this regard, this thesis aims to evaluate the role of gut microbiota through a multi-omics strategy in a metabolic syndrome situation. We proposed a cafeteria diet as an accurate model for studying gut microbiota dysbiosis produced by diet. The gut microbiota composition was altered, and its function in the host was modulated; thus, metaproteomics should be preceded by metagenomics to better characterize gut microbiota activity. Moreover, the effectivity of fecal microbiota transplantation was corroborated after a short period of antibiotic depletion, making it an accurate therapy to restore gut microbiota disruption caused by a hypercaloric diet. Additionally, hesperidin, a polyphenol metabolized by gut microbiota, alters the biodiversity and the functions of the intestinal microbiota, which are responsible for the amelioration of blood pressure caused by cafeteria diet, and regulates insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia after chronic administration. The results of this thesis elucidate the importance of using a multi-omics strategy to explain gut microbiota activity and confirm the significance of the gut microbiota in the maintenance of host homeostasis and energy metabolism.