Digital analysis of the diploic vascular system in Anatomy, Archaeology and Paleoanthropology and its implications in the hominid endocranial thermoregulation.

Identifier:  TDX:2799

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX2799

Authors:  Rangel de Lázaro, Gizéh

Abstract:
The diploic channels are placed in the cancellous bone between the vault cortical layers (external and internal). The diploic veins are large, thin-walled and valveless running through a network of microscopic channels. Diploic veins appear to be more developed in humans than in non-human primates, suggesting a key role in human evolution. We describe their vascular networks, providing quantitative comparisons and correlations between compact and cancellous bone thickness, vessels branch length and lumen size, vascular asymmetries and volumetric distribution in frontal, parietal and occipital bones. Communications between the diploic network with the meningeal artery at the temporal fossa, with the emissary veins at the occipital bone, and with the venous sinuses at the confluence of sinus were noted. In view of probable metabolic differences and constraints associated with modern human brain size and shape, it should be evaluated whether these vascular differences can be due to endocranial thermoregulation. Therefore, considering the possible contribution of diploic vessels in brain thermoregulation and heat management, the analysis of the diploic network may be relevant in anthropology, medicine, and paleontology.