Aplicació de tècniques òmiques per a la millora del diagnòstic en la síndrome de càncer de mama i ovari hereditari.

Identifier:  TDX:3134

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX3134

Authors:  Rodríguez Balada, Marta

Abstract:
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes. At least 5-10% of cases are associated with pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The identification of these alterations is important to carry out genetic counselling that helps to make medical decisions based on the assessment of the individual risk. In the mutational study, variants of uncertain significance are also identified, which make the process of genetic counselling difficult. To classify them, strategies based on multifactorial analysis are used, which include as cosegregation analysis of the variant, population frequency, as well as the mRNA splicing. However, there are still many variants that cannot be categorized. That’s the reason why other methods are needed to identify and classify them, as well as to study other genes that can explain the hereditary cause of cancer. Therefore, the studies included in this doctoral thesis, based on different omics techniques, allow us to classify some unclassified variants by means of a combination of population frequency, in silico analysis and mRNA study. Moreover, the hypermethylation of the promoter of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes has been ruled out as a hereditary mechanism of genetic silencing in this syndrome, and other genes have been identified as genes to be included in the study of this syndrome. Finally, a metabolomics-based study has been carried out to identify a characteristic fingerprint with the ability to predict the BRCA-like phenotype of breast cancer.