Impacte de la utilització de combustibles alternatius en fàbriques de ciment sobre la salut humana

Identifier:  TDX:4258

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX4258

Authors:  Rovira Solano, Joaquim

Abstract:
Cement production is a high energy demand process, therefore emits a large amount of CO2 to atmosphere. To reduce these emissions, the cement industry, among other strategies, is partially replacing traditional fossil fuels by alternative fuels, such as sewage sludge and refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Other advantages of alternative fuels implementation are: (1) saving non-renewable fossil fuels; (2) cheaper fuel for cement plants; and (3) solution to waste management problem. Although energy recovery of non-recyclable waste in cement plants is a common practice in environmentally developed countries, facilities that use alternative fuels still generate concern. This concern is especially great where cement plants are located near populated areas, taking into account that the population could be directly affected by any changes in emissions. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the impact on human health due to exposure to dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), As and metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ti, V and Zn) around cement plants that are using alternative fuels. To evaluate this impact, several environmental monitoring campaigns were designed around four cement plants located in Catalonia (North-East Spain). Some conclusions are drawn from the Catalan cement plants evaluated: (1) Human health risks due the exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs are acceptable according to national and international standards around each cement plants. (2) There were no statistically significant differences in the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for each plant, depending on the alternative fuel use or the operational status of cement plant. (3) The emissions from cement plants do not seem to have a significant influence on the environmental levels. This was observed when one of the studied plants stopped their activity. Otherspollutants sources seem to be more important on environmental levels that the cement plant. These results are consistent with stack emissions studies found in the scientific literature.