Functional analysis of Mobile toolkits in high-resolution Middle Paleolithic contexts: Abric Romaní (Barcelona, Spain) and Nahal Mahanayeem Outlet (NMO, Israel)

Identifier:  TDX:4280

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX4280

Authors:  Martin-Viveros Diaz-Meco, Juan Ignacio

Abstract:
This doctoral thesis focuses on a comprehensive functional analysis of mobile lithic tools in two Middle Paleolithic sites: Abric Romaní in Barcelona, Spain, and Nahal Mahanayeem Outlet (NMO) in Israel. The study addresses the functionality of these tools, a relatively unexplored aspect in prehistoric archaeology due to challenges in their precise identification and limitations in analytical methodologies. Mobile tools, introduced into the sites already shaped, are essential for understanding the mobility strategies and technological organization of prehistoric communities. The methodology employed combines various microscopic techniques, including optical microscopy, 3D digital microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, in a contextual multi-analytical approach. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of use-wear marks and residues on flint tools, both archaeological and experimental, providing robust results. Among the notable conclusions, preconceived ideas about these tools are challenged, revealing that many did not require significant technological investment and had long durations of use without the need for re-sharpening. Technological changes are identified in the sites, and the adaptability of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans in lithic resource management is highlighted. In summary, this doctoral thesis provides a deeper understanding of mobile tools in specific archaeological contexts. The multi-analytical methodology is presented as essential for precise functional interpretations in prehistoric archaeology.