Crystal Growth and Characterization of ytterbium or neodymium doped type III-KGd(PO3)4. A new bifunctional nonlinear and laser crystal

Identificador:  TDX:859

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX859

Autores:  Parreu i Alberich, Isabel

Resumen:
Bifunctional crystals are those in which the nonlinear optical process and the laser effect occur simultaneously. This kind of materials is very promising for compact solid-state laser designs operating in the visible because solid-state lasers operate mainly in the infrared. So, the nonlinear and laser properties can combine to generate blue (&#61548;&#8776; 450 nm) or green (&#61548;&#8776;550 nm) laser radiation by self-frequency doubling. Solid-state laser sources operating in the visible spectral region (&#61548;&#8776;400-800 nm) play an important role in laser technology they are potentially interesting for numerous applications such as high-density optical data storage, reprographics, colour displays, medicine, biotechnology, submarine communications, transparent atmosphere communications, etc.<br/>Such compact laser sources can be managed from frequency conversion by nonlinear optical processes such as frequency doubling and sum-frequency mixing by using a bifunctional crystal. Such self-frequency doubling (SFD) lasers involve fewer losses (absorption, reflection and scattering) than the intracavity frequency doubling lasers, which means that resonator designs are simpler and more compact.<br/>Currently, efforts are focussed on the development of new noncentrosymmetric crystals with nonlinear optical properties to be used as a host for active laser ions, and mostly lanthanide ions. Nonlinear optical materials are able to double the frequency of the laser emission generated by the active ion hosted in it. Nonlinear crystals with suitable sites for lanthanide ions which emit in the infrared region around 1 &#61549;m may be able to self-double the frequency, i.e. to reduce the wavelength to the half, &#61548;=500 nm, which is in the blue or green spectral region.<br/>The aim of this doctoral thesis is to synthesize and characterize the type III double phosphate of potassium and gadolinium, KGd(PO3)4 (KGP), either undoped or doped ordoped with ytterbium or neodymium, both of them emitting in the 1 &#61549;m region.<br/><br/>The KGP crystal is noncentrosymmetric, so with the indispensable requirement to have nonlinear optical properties. We propose to use this crystal as a nonlinear host for alternatively ytterbium (Yb3+) or neodymium (Nd3+) to develop a new promising selffrequency doubling laser crystal to generate blue-green laser radiation.<br/>As double phosphates of potassium and lanthanide melt incongruently, i.e. they decompose before melting, a high-temperature solution growth method has to be used to growth the crystals. This kind of growth methods allows growing the crystal under its melting point and so avoiding its decomposition. We use the top seeded solution growth-slow cooling (TSSG-SC) to grow the undoped and Yb- or Nd-doped KGP single crystals. This kind of growth method allows to freely growing the crystals in the solution by slowly cooling its temperature from the crystallization temperature. It allows obtaining bulk crystals with freely developed crystallographic forms determined by the crystals structure. By optimizing the growth process, we have successfully grown macrodefect-free crystals large enough for later characterizations and possible final application. The crystals have been structurally, physically, optically and spectroscopically characterized. Finally, laser operation with Yb:KGP has been proved for the first time. Although the low ion doping level in the crystal, the rather high slope efficiency obtained with this first sample is rather promising for the future.<br/>In conclusion, single crystals of Yb:KGP and Nd:KGP can be regarded as a promising candidates to be applied as a self-frequency doubling crystals since it has been proved both the second harmonic generation ability and the laser operation.