Effectiveness of birth policies as a balancing factor in the pay-as-you-go pension system

Identifier:  TFG:1694

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TFG1694

Authors:  Cevallos Rios, Lourdes Guadalupe

Abstract:
The demographic problems that have been affecting Spain and other European countries since the last decades, such as the aging of the population and low birth and fertility rates, have motivated the present work. The aim is to analyze the effectiveness of birth policies as a factor in improving the financial equilibrium of the pay-as-you-go pension system. The theoretical part analyzes the demographic risk in a pay-as-you-go system and the importance of the birth rate as a demographic factor in the balance of the pay-as-you-go pension system. Are reviewed the birth policies developed in Spain and in a group of countries in the European Union and empirical studies are used to find out which policies have had a positive impact on fertility. For the practical part, a survey has been conducted to know the opinion and assessment that citizens have about the effectiveness of birth policies, which should, if effective, have an impact on their decision to have children. The results show the importance of the policies aimed at guaranteeing the job postpartum; the aid for day care centers in order to be able to reconcile work with the family; and the benefits for more generous dependent children like those of Nordic countries; on the other hand, baby check type measures are seen as non-effective. To implement effective birth policies that encourage natality and fertility, will allow the pay-as-you-go pension system to improve its balance in the medium term in the medium term on the side of the demographic factor.