Primary and secondary approach to stroke risk factors

Identifier:  TFG:2060

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TFG2060

Authors:  Bono Ramírez, Belén

Abstract:
Introduction: Stroke is a very common cause of morbidity and hospitalization in society and is the main cause of disability and loss of autonomy. There are studies that support the theory that there are certain cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), which are associated with the risk of suffering a stroke, hence the importance of good control and monitoring. On the other hand, at the level of prevention, it seems that the findings are not as satisfactory, perhaps because the existing information is not supported by well-designed studies, or because there are certain limitations of follow-up of those with cardiovascular risk. Objective: To examine the strategies of primary and secondary prevention of stroke, identifying the impact that they entail in the population and the approach employed by nursing. Methodology: A systematic review of the scientific literature has been carried out through PubMed, Scopus and IBECS databases, in addition to manual search. The selection criteria included original articles, full access, published in English, Spanish and Catalan between 2014 and 2019 (both included). The quality criterion applied was the CEBM level of evidence. Results: The search yielded 15 articles distributed in the identification of primary prevention strategies and prehospital environment, the identification of secondary prevention strategies and their identification with the impact they imply in the population, and the nursing approach. Conclusions: The good control and monitoring of CVRF in primary care through strategies associated with the control of cholesterol, weight, smoking, diet, physical activity, hypertension and arrhythmias, favorably reduces the chances of suffering a stroke. These interventions are sometimes not linked to the nursing approach. Thus, primary and secondary prevention through early intervention significantly reduces the chances of suffering a stroke and its recurrences. While the population does not have sufficient knowledge about stroke, so it is proposed to design new strategies more effective, in addition to the empowerment on the part of patients to carry out compliance with preventive practices, giving more visibility to nursing.