Cytological and histological correlation for the detection of premature lesions in colorectal cancer

Identifier:  TFG:2128

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TFG2128

Authors:  Lorenzo López-Cortón, Beatriz

Abstract:
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, so the early detection of premalignant lesions is of vital importance to avoid malignant transformation. In our study, we presented cytological imprinting as a faster, simpler and cheaper method of detection compared to the traditional biopsy method. Objectives: To establish if there is a cytological and histological correlation in the detection of dysplastic cells in colorectal cancer. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of cytological imprinting as a method of detecting premalignant lesions that can develop colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: 60 samples of colon and rectum polyps of 22 patients from colonoscopy. An imprint was made with the fresh samples extracted from the surgical interventions. Papanicolau stain was applied. Results: The degree of dysplasia was initially evaluated in three groups according to the histopathological analysis (0.1 and 2). Subsequently they became two groups: absence / dysplasia of low grade (0/1) and dysplasia of high grade / adenocarcinoma (2). A cytological-histological correlation of 77.96% was obtained. A specificity of 90.70% and sensitivity of 80% was established for the detection of dysplasia with the cytological imprinting method. For the detection of high-grade dysplasia / adenocarcinoma a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98.08% was obtained. Conclusions:  A cytological-histological correlation of 77.96% was obtained by having identified with the cytological impressions two groups of histopathological diagnosis: absence of dysplasia / low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia / adenocarcinoma.  A sensitivity of 90.70% and a specificity of 80% of the cytological imprinting method was established to detect dysplastic cells. It proved to be very effective in detecting the presence of high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98.08%.