Identifier: TFG:2294
Authors: Pinto Martínez, Laura
Abstract:
Introduction: Mechanically ventilated patients (MVP) often tend to face progressive losses of body mass and muscle because of hypermetabolism and increased protein catabolism due to the stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Consequently, the risk of undernutrition is increased, which is associated with morbimortality. In this sense, it has been well established that early enteral nutrition (EN) is the best nutrition support because it can reduce several associated complications such as mortality, mechanical ventilation (VM) duration, ICU stay, incidence of infections, among others. However, there is a significant amount of debate regarding the best EN formula composition for MVP. The aim of this work is to review the effects of different EN formulas on MVP in different critical situations. Methods: The articles were searched in databases (PubMed, Cuiden Plus and Cuidatge) and in scientific journals and 17 articles were selected. Results: The early onset of EN could improve the MVP situation, reduce the duration of MV, and ICU stay and acquired wickedness. Nonetheless, the amount of energy in EN formulas and its effects is still controversial. Specific formulas for Diabetes Mellitus could be related with a reduction in the risk of infections. Moreover, a suitable protein contribution may be associated with a decreased risk of mortality and greater success in the weaning process. Finally, it has been observed that formulas enriched with immunomodulatory nutrients could improve survival and help to reduce the ICU stay as well as improve the immunity of the MVP. Conclusion: Early EN improve the situation of MVP and reduce their associated complications. Moreover, several components of these formulas could reduce the infection risk, mortality, duration of MV and ICU stay.
Repositori URV