Approach in the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in the critically ill patient

Identifier:  TFG:2830

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TFG2830

Authors:  Merino León, Cynthia

Abstract:
Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia has a great impact on critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. This pathology is the first cause of nosocomial infection in these units and a high morbidity and mortality. Despite having decreased in our country in recent years, nursing professionals are leading the approach of care exposed in preventive programs that are directed at reducing the incidence of this infection. Objectives: Study the nursing care of the airway provided to the critically ill intubated patient with MV that acts in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Define the importance of training nursing skills for an improvement in the prevention of this infection. Determine the adherence and compliance of care by the nursing staff that allows the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methodology: Systematic review of the related scientific literature using the Scopus, Pubmed, Cinahl, WOS, Medline, Dialnet and Scielo felt databases. Inclusion criteris: publications of the last 5 years, written in English, Spanish and Portuguese, full access and to address studies on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC) was used to assess the level of evidence in the articles. Results: A total of 16 articles of quantitative methodology with the level of evidence between I-B and III-B were included. The analyzed studies show the effectiveness and commitment of the nursing staff in the approach to airway care for critically ill patients with invasive mechanical ventilation for the prevention ventilator-associated pneumonia from training, compliance and adherence to preventive care. Conclusion: The nursing care provided to patients admitted to the ICU is essential, priority and paramount in order to prevent the ventilator-associated pneumonia. Nursing professionals maintain adherence and compliance through ongoing training to reduce the incidence of this infection. Keywords: Nursing, critical patient, UCI, prevention, ventilator-associated pneumonia , care, professional training, compliance, adherence