Risk factors and clinical manifestations of anorexia nervosa: Prevention in adolescents. Systematic review.

Identifier:  TFG:2885

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TFG2885

Authors:  Guinot Personat, Paula

Abstract:
ABSTRACTBackground:Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental health disease characterized by deliberate weight loss, induced and maintained by the patient himself, accompanied by anorexia, amenorrhea,and behavioraldisorders. Knowing risk factors and early clinical manifestations helps early detection of the problem and consequently better disease progression.Objectives:(a)tostudy primary prevention strategies for the AN nurse and the impact on the population, (b) to determine initial clinical manifestations and potential complications of AN in the adolescent population, (c)to study the family environment and its role in the patient's disease with AN, (d) to study the influential risk factors in the presentation of AN in adolescents, and establish a sociodemographic profile, (e) to determine the behavior or attitudes of nurses in care for patients with AN.Methods:a systematic review of the literature was carried out in the Pubmed, Dialnet, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science,and Scielo databases. Search guidelines were followed under the PRISMA Declaration and CASPe quality criteria were applied.Results:according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established, 11 quantitative studies and 6 qualitative studies were selected for analysis. Allhave a high quality based on the CASPe questionnaire(scores greater than 8).Adolescent girls are the most susceptible population when it comes to being influenced by the media and consequently having AN. Body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem,and perfectionism are nuclear characteristics of AN. As for risk factors, functional impairment, negative affection, body dissatisfaction and low BMI arepredictors of the disease. Symptoms include coldness, skin pallor, bradycardia, laxative abuse, purgative behaviors, body image distortion among others. It should be noted that nurses must act with authority and establish a therapeutic relationship with adolescent girls to agree on achievable goals and motivate them to acquire good habits.Conclusion:excessive concern for today's society over physical appearance instilled through the media which indirectly link thinness to beauty, success and acceptance. In addition to the need to implement a primary prevention program that helps reduce the vulnerability of adolescent girls, also involving parents in order to acquire good coverage of AN.Keywords:Anorexia Nervosa, Early Diagnosis, Nursing, Adolescent, Primary Prevention, Bulimia Nervosa.