Rising Temperatures, Wavering Human Towers? Temperature Trends and Thermal Comfort during Castells Exhibitions in Catalonia (1951-2023). Case Studies in Valls (24 June), La Bisbal del Penedes (15 August), Tarragona (19 August), and Vilafranca del

Identifier:  imarina:9380054

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/imarina9380054

Authors:  Olano Pozo, Jon Xavier; Saladie, Oscar; Boque-Ciurana, Anna

Abstract:
This study analyzes temperature trends and thermal comfort during the key hours (i.e., from noon to 3:00 p.m.) of human tower (castells) performances in four significant festivities involving this outdoor exhibition (diada castellera) in Catalonia. Human towers were recognized by UNESCO in 2010 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage. The selected exhibitions were Sant Joan in Valls on 24 June; Festa Major de La Bisbal del Penedes on 15 August; Sant Mag & iacute; in Tarragona on 19 August; and Sant Felix in Vilafranca del Penedes on 30 August. Temperature and relative humidity data were downloaded from the Copernicus Climate Change Service's ERA5-Land and ERA5 pressure level datasets, respectively, with reanalysis from 1951 to 2023. The results revealed a clear upward trend in temperatures over the last several decades in these four places and for the respective dates, from +0.3 degrees C per decade in La Bisbal del Penedes to +0.42 degrees C per decade in Valls. Most of the positive temperature anomalies were concentrated in the last 25 years. The calculation of the Heat Index revealed a higher occurrence of years with possible fatigue due to prolonged exposure and/or physical activity in the three inland locations (i.e., Valls, La Bisbal del Penedes, and Vilafranca del Penedes) and a greater frequency of years with possible heat stroke, heat cramps, and/or heat exhaustion in Tarragona, which is near the Mediterranean Sea. This warming trend and increased discomfort pose potential health risks for participants and suggests a need for adaptive measures. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating climate considerations into human tower planning.