Effects of Fish Oil and its Combination with Grape Seed Polyphenols or Buckwheat D-Fagomine on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Identifier:  TDX:3195

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX3195

Authors:  Miralles Pérez, Bernat

Abstract:
The past few decades have seen an alarming increase in the worldwide prevalence of obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is a common characteristic in these cardiometabolic disorders. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance is clearly related to oxidative stress, inflammation as well as accumulation of bioactive lipids such as diacylglycerols and ceramides. The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) from fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with lower risk for developing cardiometabolic disorders. Nevertheless, when provided in excess, DHA may lead to deleterious effects on health. Combining bioactive compounds may be a powerful preventive strategy to protect against the onset of cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of the present work is to explore the influence of fish oil and its combination with grape seed polyphenols or buckwheat D-fagomine on cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress in healthy rats and in rats fed a high fat diet. The supplementation with the fish oil rich in DHA beneficially affects several cardiometabolic risk factors, but increases oxidative damage to biomolecules in healthy rats. The combined supplementation with fish oil containing EPA/DHA 1:1 and grape seed polyphenols tends to attenuate oxidative stress, and significantly modulates abundances of bioactive lipids in the liver of rats fed a high fat diet. The combined supplementation with fish oil containing EPA/DHA 1:1 and buckwheat D-fagomine exerts beneficial influence on oxidative stress and on some related cardiometabolic risk factors in rats fed a high fat diet. The increase in dietary intake of ω-3 PUFA from fish oil supplements containing EPA/DHA 1:1, alone or combined with polyphenols or D-fagomine, may be a useful nutritional strategy to protect against the mechanisms underlying the onset of cardiometabolic disorders in healthy individuals and in individuals at high risk of disease.