Effects of probiotics and postbiotics on cardiometabolic disease risk factors: a metagenomic approach to elucidate possible mechanisms of action and new obesity biomarkers

Identifier:  TDX:3261

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX3261

Authors:  Companys Alemany, Judit

Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, along with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). The main objective is to evaluate the effects of probiotics and postbiotics, consumed alone or with other bioactive compounds, and consumed in capsule/powder form or added into dietary matrices, on CMD risk factors, particularly obesity. Moreover, to elucidate possible mechanisms of action, reveal new obesity biomarkers and determine possible associations of the gut microbiota with dietary intake and clinical parameters. Five studies were carried out: a systematic review and meta-analysis and a narrative review to integrated all the available literature on the relationship and effectiveness of probiotics and fermented dairy products on CMDs risk factors; two randomized controlled trials in subjects with abdominal obesity who consumed Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 (Ba8145) to assess the effects on CMD risk factors and on the gut microbiota; a cross-sectional study with lean and overweight/obese subjects to differentiate gut microbiota and to determine its association with clinical variables and dietary intake. Therefore, the regular consumption of fermented dairy products is associated with a reduced risk of CMDs, and probiotic supplementation improves CMD risk factors. Ba8145 consumed as a probiotic or postbiotic reduces anthropometric adiposity biomarkers. Postbiotic Ba8145 had beneficial effects on glycemic parameters, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. Beneficial effects of Ba8145 could be partially explained by changes in the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the metagenomic analysis showed possible obesity biomarkers, and new associations between gut microbiota with dietary intake and clinical parameters. The addition of probiotic or postbiotic consumption to the current recommended dietary strategies could lead to new perspectives regarding the management of CMDs in humans with at least one CMD risk factor.