Impact of External Factors on the Bioavailability of (Poly)phenols: Focus on Biological Rhythms and Proximity Consumption in Healthy and Obese Rats

Identifier:  TDX:4431

Handle: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX4431

Authors:  Escobar Martínez, Iván

Abstract:
Phenolic compounds are substances produced by plants in response to stress. These compounds possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and their consumption has been associated with various health benefits. However, a comprehensive understanding of these benefits requires an investigation into their bioavailability. Several factors, such as compound structure, environmental conditions, sex, gut microbiota, and diet, have been identified as influencing their absorption and metabolism. In addition to these factors, biological rhythms, including circadian and seasonal patterns, are emerging as crucial determinants in their effects. Disruptions in these rhythms associated with contemporary lifestyle factors have been shown to impact metabolic status, potentially influencing (poly)phenol bioavailability. Considering all of this, the main objective of this thesis is to evaluate whether the metabolism and bioavailability of (poly)phenols can be influenced by different biological rhythm patterns and proximity consumption in the context of healthy and altered dietary habits. To achieve this, we first investigated the influence of circadian and seasonal rhythms on the bioavailability of phenolic compounds derived from grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) in healthy and diet-induced obese rats. Subsequently, we characterized the phenolic profile of sweet cherry cultivars from two geographical origins and evaluated their bioavailability after acute consumption. The results revealed significant effects of administration timing and photoperiod on phenolic compound bioavailability, highlighting the interplay between dietary habits and timing of administration. Moreover, geographical origin significantly influenced the phenolic profile of sweet cherries, exhibiting the local cherries higher phenolic content. These findings underscore the importance of considering biological rhythms and environmental factors in the bioavailability of (poly)phenols, which may contribute to enhancing food consumption strategies and fostering a deeper understanding of the relationship between diet and health.